Table 1.

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoform cell‐specific expression and defects in knockout mice

PKC	Tissue expressiona	Knockout mouse phenotype
PKCα	Ubiquitous, T cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC)	T‐cell activation and T‐cell immunity defects148
PKCβ	Ubiquitous, B cells and mast cells	B‐cell signalling and survival defects; mast cells defects56, 149
PKCδ	Ubiquitous, B cells, mast cells, macrophages	B‐cell homeostasis defects150
PKCε	Ubiquitous	Macrophage activation defect16
PKCη	Ubiquitous, T cells and macrophages	T‐cell homeostasis and regulatory T cell function defects151, 152
PKCθ	T cells, mast cells, platelets, skeletal muscle	T‐cell activation defects37, 39
PKCζ	Ubiquitous	B‐cell receptor signalling defects; T helper type 2 response defects153
PKCλ/ι	Ubiquitous	Embryonic lethal154

^aPKCγ is preferably expressed in the brain.