Excessive daytime sleepiness |
Present |
Present |
Present |
Cataplexy |
Generally present (cataplexy plus characteristic MSLT features, or hypocretin deficiency, are necessary for diagnosis) |
Absent (by definition) |
Absent (by definition) |
Sleep paralysis |
Present in 69%a
|
Present in 35%a
|
Present in 20%a
|
Sleep hallucinations |
Present in 77%a
|
Present in 42%a
|
Present in 25%a
|
Tetrad of all four of the above symptoms |
Present in 42% (although not all present initially)24
|
Absent |
Absent |
Fragmented nocturnal sleep |
Significantly lower sleep efficiency than narcolepsy without cataplexy25 or idiopathic hypersomnia26
|
May be common22
|
Not typical |
REM sleep behavior disorder |
Present in 45%-61%27; significantly more PSG-measured REM sleep without atonia than in IH28
|
Significantly more PSG-measured REM sleep without atonia than in IH28
|
Rate of REM sleep behavior disorder not studied |
Sleep drunkenness |
Rare, but occasionally reported26,29
|
May be common29
|
Common |
Long nocturnal sleep times |
Present in 18% of patients with narcolepsy with or without cataplexy30
|
Present in 18% of patients with narcolepsy with or without cataplexy30
|
Common |
Effect and duration of naps |
Refreshing, short |
|
Unrefreshing (compared with either patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy31 or normal control subjects32), long |