Table 3.
Bivariate Analysis between “confidence in ability to quit” (Outcome variable) and socio-demographic characteristics, current smoking behavior, confidence in quitting, and psychological distress
| Outcome Variables (Predictors) | Confident in Ability to Quit Tobacco (n=111) |
Not Confident in Ability to Quit Tobacco (n=56) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Independent Variables | |||
| Food Hardship | |||
| Yes | 46 (41%) | 28 (50%) | 0.29 |
| No | 65 (59%) | 28 (50%) | |
| Financial Hardship | |||
| Not enough to make ends meet | 43 (38.74%) | 27 (48.21%) | 0.31 |
| Just enough to make ends meet | 47 (42.34%) | 23 (41.07%) | |
| Some money left over | 21 (18.92%) | 6 (10.71%) | |
| Financial Hardship II | |||
| Yes (Not enough) | 43 (38.74%) | 27 (48.21%) | 0.24 |
| No (Some $ left /just enough) | 68 (61.26%) | 29 (51.79%) | |
| Material Hardship | 0.50 | ||
| Food Insecurity and financial Hardship |
27 (24.32%) | 20 (35.71%) | |
| Food Insecurity only | 19 (17.12%) | 8 (14.29%) | |
| Material hardship only | 16 (14.41%) | 7 (12.50%) | |
| Neither | 49 (44.14%) | 21 (37.50%) | |
| Any Hardship | |||
| Food or financial hardship | 62 (55.86%) | 35 (62.50%) | 0.54 |
| No hardship | 49 (44.14%) | 21 (37.50%) | |
| Psychosocial Behavioral Covariates | |||
| Perceived Stress | 8.9 (2.8) | 9.3 (3.2) | 0.4 |
| Currently Trying to Quit | |||
| Yes | 71 (66.36%) | 22 (40.74%) | 0.002 |
| No | 36 (33.64%) | 32 (59.26%) | |
| Number of Cigarettes Smoked | |||
| <=9 | 14 (25.93%) | 56 (52.83%) | 0.01 |
| 10+ | 50 (47.17%) | 40 (74.07%) | |
| Continuous | 10.7 ± 8.9 cigarettes | 13.4 ± 7.9 cigarettes | 0.06 |
| 95% C.I. of mean | (11.3, 15.6) | (9.0, 12.4) | (Fvalue=1.26) |
| Sociodemographic Covariates | |||
| Weekly Household Income | 0.4 | ||
| 0-100 | 16 (14.68%) | 4 (7.27%) | |
| 101–250 | 39 (35.78%) | 22 (40.00%) | |
| 251–500 | 35 (32.11%) | 20 (36.36%) | |
| 501–750 | 9 (8.26%) | 2 (3.64%) | |
| 751+ | 10 (9.17%) | 7 (12.73%) | |
| 16 missing | |||
| Education | 0.3 | ||
| Grade School or below, <8 yrs | 9 (9.18%) | 9 (19.15%) | |
| Some High School, 9–11.5yrs | 25 (25.51%) | 8 (17.02%) | |
| High School, 12 years | 26 (26.53%) | 14 (29.79%) | |
| >High School, 13+ years | 38 (38.78%) | 16 (34.04%) | |
| Age in Categories | 0.7 | ||
| 18–29yrs | 26 (24.30%) | 10 (18.52%) | |
| 30–39yrs | 17 (15.89%) | 9 (16.67%) | |
| 40–49yrs | 22 (20.56%) | 12 (22.22%) | |
| 50–59yrs | 29 (27.10%) | 13 (24.07%) | |
| 60–70tyrs | 13 (12.15%) | 10 (18.52%) | |
| Gender | 0.5 | ||
| Male | 23 (21.50%) | 14 (25.93%) | |
| Female | 84 (78.50%) | 40 (74.07%) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.9 | ||
| Hispanic | 39 (37.14%) | 20 (37.04%) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 32 (30.48%) | 15 (27.78%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 24 (22.86%) | 12 (22.22%) | |
| Other | 10 (9.52%) | 7 (12.96%) | |
| Marital Status | 0.9 | ||
| Yes | 25 (23.36%) | 13 (24.07%) | |
| No | 82 (76.64%) | 41 (75.93%) | |
| Poverty Index | 0.5 | ||
| In Poverty | 70 (66.67%) | 38 (71.70%) | |
| Not in Poverty | 35 (33.33%) | 15 (28.30%) | |