Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of the cases
| Cases | Age (years) | Sex | Initial BCVA, LogMAR | Clinical manifestations | Laboratory findings | Imaging | Treatment | Follow-up | Final BCVA, LogMAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 35 | F | 20/20(OD) 0.0 |
Anterior scleritis | FTA-ABS positive MHA-TP positive HIV negative CSF FTA-ABS negative | SLE OD discloses 2+ diffuse scleral injection at the nasal quadrant | IV PNC 24 million U/day for 10 days | 12 months | 20/20 (OD) 0.0 |
| 2 | 43 | M | 20/20 (OS) 0.0 |
Sclerokeratitis | FTA-ABS positive MHA-TP positive HIV negative CSF FTA-ABS negative | SLE OS discloses 2+ scleral injection at the nasal quadrant associated with limbal corneal thinning | IV PNC 24 million U/day for 10 days | 6 months | 20/20 (OS) 0.0 |
| 3 | 55 | F | 20/20 (OD) 0.0 |
Non-granulomatous iridocyclitis | FTA-ABS positive MHA-TP positive HIV negative CSF FTA-ABS negative | SLE OD discloses 10 small KP 1+ cell 1+ flare in the AC and ½+ cell in the AV | IV PNC 24 million U/day for 10 days | 18 months | 20/20 (OD) 0.0 |
| 4 | 49 | M | 20/20 (OD) 20/32 (OS) 0.0/0.22 |
Non-granulomatous iridocyclitis | FTA-ABS positive MHA-TP positive HIV negative CSF FTA-ABS negative | SLE OD discloses 5 small KP ½+ cell ½+ flare in the AC ½+ cell in the AV, and SLE OS discloses 30 small KP 1+ flare 1+ cell in the AC and 1+ cell in the AV | IV PNC 24 million U/day for 10 days | 24 months | 20/20 (OU) 0.0 |
| 5 | 67 | M | 20/40 (OD) 20/32 (OS) 0.3/0.22 |
Non-granulomatous iridocyclitis | FTA-ABS positive MHA-TP positive HIV negative CSF FTA-ABS negative | SLE OD discloses 10 small KP 1+ cell 2+ flare in the AC and ½+ cell in the AV, and SLE OS discloses 15 small KP 2+ flare 1+ cell in the AC and ½+ cell in the AV | IV PNC 24 million U/day for 10 days | 12 months | 20/25 (OD) 20/20 (OS) 0.1/0.0 |
| 6 | 62 | F | 20/32 (OD) 0.22 |
Intermediate uveitis | FTA-ABS positive MHA-TP positive HIV negative CSF FTA-ABS negative | SLE OD discloses 1+ V cell 1+ V haze and fundus ex discloses peripheral chorioretinal pigmentary changes | IV PNC 24 million U/day for 10 days | 18 months | 20/20 (OD) 0.0 |
| 7 | 52 | F | 20/400 (OS) 1.3 |
Intermediate uveitis | FTA-ABS positive MHA-TP positive HIV negative CSF FTA-ABS negative | OCT OS discloses foveal thickness of 693 μm associated with PED and ERM formation | IV PNC 24 million U/day for 10 days oral MTX 17.5 mg/week for 6 months | 24 months after DC MTX w/o recurrences | 20/20 (OS) 0.0 |
| 8 | 46 | M | 20/32 (OD) 0.22 |
Papillitis | FTA-ABS positive MHA-TP positive HIV negative CSF FTA-ABS negative | Fundus ex OD discloses 2+ hyperemia and 2+ swelling of the optic disc HVF 24/2 discloses central scotoma and increased blind spot | IV PNC 24 million U/day for 10 days | 24 months | 20/20 (OD) 0.0 |
| 9 | 50 | M | 20/200 (OS) 1.0 |
Posterior uveitis, branch retinal artery occlusion | FTA-ABS positive MHA-TP positive HIV negative CSF FTA-ABS negative | FFA OS discloses absence of arterial filling inferotemporally associated with vascular occlusions and aneurysmal changes, areas of non-perfusion | IV PNC 24 million U/day for 10 days oral MTX 20 mg/week for 6 months | 15 months after DC MTX w/o recurrences | 20/40 (OS) 0.3 |
| 10 | 18 | M | 20/80 (OU) 0.6 |
Posterior uveitis, focal chorioretinitis | FTA-ABS positive MHA-TP positive HIV negative CSF FTA-ABS negative Seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii IgG | FFA early phase OU discloses staining at the macula and choroid in the posterior pole, increased staining at the intermediate phase and persistence of staining at the late phase ICGA early phase discloses areas of hypofluorescence intermediate phase discloses staining at the choroid associated with areas of hypofluorescence late phase discloses areas of hypo and hyperfluorescence associated with increased staining at the choroid OCT OU discloses CME with a foveal thickness of 307 μm OD, and 266 μm OS | IV PNC 24 million U/day for 10 days low-dose TMP–SMX prophylaxis for 1 year | 12 months | 20/50 (OU) 0.4 |
| 11 | 8 | M | 20/80 (OU) 0.6 |
Posterior uveitis, focal chorioretinitis | FTA-ABS positive MHA-TP positive HIV negative CSF FTA-ABS negative Seropositive for T. gondii IgG | FFA early phase OU discloses staining at the macula and choroid in the posterior pole, increased staining at the intermediate phase and persistence of staining at the late phase ICGA early phase OU discloses areas of hypofluorescence, intermediate phase discloses staining at the choroid associated with areas of hypofluorescence, late phase discloses areas of hypo and hyperfluorescence associated with increased staining at the choroid OCT OU discloses macular thinning with a foveal thickness of 126 μm OD, and 141 μm OS | IV PNC 24 million U/day for 10 days low-dose TMP–SMX prophylaxis for 1 year | 12 months | 20/50 (OU) 0.4 |
| 12 | 31 | F | 20/40 (OU) 0.3/0.3 |
Panuveitis | FTA-ABS positive MHA-TP positive HIV negative CSF FTA-ABS negative | FFA early phase OD discloses increased choroidal fluorescence intermediate phase OS discloses staining at the optic disc and bifurcations of the vessels | IV PNC 24 million U/day for 10 days oral MTX 15 mg/week for 6 months | 18 months after DC MTX | 20/20 (OU) 0.0/0.0 |
Abbreviations: AC, anterior chamber; AV, anterior vitreous; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CME, cystoid macular edema; DC, discontinue; ERM, epiretinal membrane formation; Ex, examination; F, female; FFA, fundus fluorescein angiography; FTA-ABS, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HVF, Humphrey visual field; ICGA, indocyanine green angiography; IG, immunoglobulin; IV-PNC, intravenous penicillin; KP, keratic precipitates; M, Male; MHA-TP, micro-hemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum; MTX, methotrexate; OCT, optical coherence tomography; OD, right eye; OS, left eye; OU, both eyes; PED, pigment epithelial detachment; SLE, slit-lamp examination; T, toxoplasmosis; TMP–SMX, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole; V, vitreous.