Table 2.

Increased expression of neurotrophic factors by polyphenols in cell and animal models

Compound	Cell model	Animal model	Involved signaling pathways	Neurotrophic factors that are modulated	Function	References
Alpinetin	Primary rat astrocytes	–a	Estrogen signaling	BDNF, NGF, GDNF	–	107
Astilbin	–	Mice	p-ERK/p-Akt	BDNF	Antidepressant-like effects	128
Baicalein	–	Mouse model of amnesia	p-ERK/p-CREB	BDNF	Antidepressant-like effects	109,129
Butein	–	Mice	p-ERK/p-CREB	BDNF	Cognition enhancement	110
CAPE	–	Mice	Nrf2/ARE	BDNF	Protection of nigral dopaminergic neurons	117
Calycosin	Primary rat astrocytes	–	Estrogen signaling	BDNF, NGF, GDNF	–	107
Chrysin	–	Mice	–	BDNF	Cognition enhancement	111
Curcumin	–	Rats	Akt/GSK-3β	BDNF	Suppression of β-amyloid-induced cognitive impairments	118
Daidzein	H19-7 neural cell line	–	–	BDNF	–	112
Ferulic acid	NSC/NPCs	Mice	p-CREB	BDNF	Antidepressant-like effects	72
Fisetin	–	Mouse model of amnesia	p-ERK/p-CREB	BDNF	Cognition enhancement	110
Genistein	Primary rat astrocytes	–	Estrogen signaling	BDNF, NGF, GDNF	–	107
Genistein	H19-7 neural cell line	–	–	BDNF	–	112
HMF	–	Mouse model of ischemia	p-ERK/p-CREB	BDNF	–	113
Isorhamnetine	Primary rat astrocytes	–	Estrogen signaling	BDNF, NGF, GDNF	–	107
Luteolin	Primary rat astrocytes	–	Estrogen signaling	BDNF, NGF, GDNF	–	107
Oroxylin A	Primary cortical neurons	–	PI3K-Akt GSK-3β	BDNF	–	114
Puerarin	–	Rats	Nrf2/ARE	BDNF	Attenuation of neuronal degeneration	115
Quercetin	–	Rats	PGC-1α	BDNF	Amelioration of hypobaric hypoxia-induced memory deficit	116
Resveratrol	Dopaminergic neurons	Rats	p-ERK/p-CREB	BDNF, GDNF	Antidepressant-like effects	79,130
Rosmarinic acid	–	Rats	p-ERK	BDNF	Antidepressant-like effects	131
Scutellarin	Primary rat astrocytes	–	p-CREB/p-Akt	BDNF, NGF, GDNF	–	106
Xiaochaihutang	–	Rats	–	BDNF, NGF	Antidepressant-like effects	127

Note:

^aNot determined in this study.

Abbreviations: CAPE, caffeic acid phenethyl ester; HMF, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NGF, nerve growth factor; GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; NSC/NPCs, neural stem/progenitor cells; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.