Skip to main content
. 2015 Sep 5;6(27):23058–23134. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.5492

Figure 10. The decision between TGFβ-induced apoptosis and cell transformation.

Figure 10

TGFβ may induce either apoptosis or cell transformation dependent on the cellular context (Section 4.11.5.1). TGFβ induces Bim expression by activating the Runx1/2/3, Smad3/4 and FoxO3a transcription factors. Also, BDH was found to be important for Bim induction. The simultaneous induction of DUSP4 that antagonizes ERK signaling, leads to stabilization of the Bim protein. TGFβ may also promote cell survival through Akt and MSK1-dependent mechanisms. Upon oncogenic switch, Bim expression is downregulated by reduced transcription, increased degradation and inhibition of Bim translation by the oncomiRs miR-106∼25 and miR-181. miR-106∼25 is upregulated by E2F1, c-Myc and Six1, while TGFβ itself may upregulate miR-181.