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. 2015 Jun 2;6(27):23594–23608. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.4335

Figure 5. Schematic representation of the effect of SPHK1 and SK1-I on CCA.

Figure 5

SK1-I modulates the balance of ceramide-S1P and directs the CCA cells into an apoptotic program. SK1-I and JTE-013 synergistically inhibit ERK and AKT signaling by affecting the SPHK1/S1P pathway at multiple nodes.