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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 29.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Rev. 2015 Jun 29;34(5):508–520. doi: 10.1111/dar.12285

Table 3.

Risk of bias summary for included trials

Random
sequence
generation
(selection bias)		 Allocation
concealment
(selection bias)		 Blinding of
participants and
personnel
(performance
bias)		 Blinding of
outcome
assessment
(detection bias)		 Incomplete
outcome data
(attrition bias)		 Selective
reporting
(reporting bias)
Randomised controlled trials
  Kummel et al. [50] graphic file with name nihms735736t1.jpg graphic file with name nihms735736t1.jpg graphic file with name nihms735736t1.jpg graphic file with name nihms735736t2.jpg graphic file with name nihms735736t3.jpg graphic file with name nihms735736t1.jpg
  McHugh et al. [51] graphic file with name nihms735736t1.jpg graphic file with name nihms735736t1.jpg graphic file with name nihms735736t3.jpg graphic file with name nihms735736t1.jpg graphic file with name nihms735736t2.jpg graphic file with name nihms735736t1.jpg
Was there a
comparison?		 How were the
groups assigned?		 Was the baseline
and allocation
prospective?		 Was outcome
assessment
prospective?		 Was hypothesis
generation
prospective?		 Was
comparability of
groups assessed?
Non-randomised controlled trials
  Shourie et al. [52] Yes Time to surgery Yes Yes Yes Yes
  Hansen et al. [53] Yes Time to surgery Yes Yes Yes Yes

+, indicates high risk of bias; −, indicates low risk of bias; ?, indicates unclear risk of bias.