Fig. 9. Immunofluorescence microscopy labeling of skin for the α3 integrin and β1 integrin subunits. (A) In healthy control skin, there is α3 integrin labeling at the cell margins of basal keratinocytes. (B) In contrast, in skin from a patient with biallelic ITGA3 mutations, there is a complete absence of α3 integrin immunostaining. (C) Immunostaining for β1 integrin in healthy control skin shows a similar pattern of labeling to α3 integrin. (D) In skin from a patient with biallelic ITGA3 mutations, no abnormalities in β1 integrin labeling are noted, with the appearances resembling the healthy control skin. Scale bar=50 µm.