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. 2015 Dec 18;7(4):2466–2485. doi: 10.3390/cancers7040904

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Oncogenic miRNAs involved in the apoptotic pathway. Anti-apoptotic miRNAs exert their function in both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways by regulating pro-apoptotic mRNAs including caspases. Caspase 3-7-9 are downregulated by miR-106b-25 cluster, miR let-7, miR-582-5p and miR-363. TRAIL ligand, involved in extrinsic pathway is downregulated by miR-22 and miR-222. Also PTEN, that promotes the formation of the Death-Inducing Signaling Complex Apoptosis, is regulated by several miRs. BCL-2 family members such as PUMA, BMF, BAX and BAK members, involved in intrinsic pathway, are downregulated by many anti-apoptotic miRNAs, which lead to resistance to apoptosis. FADD (Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain); TRAIL (TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand); DISC (Death-Inducing Signaling Complex); PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin homolog); BMF (Bcl2 Modifying Factor); PUMA (BCL2 binding component 3); BIM (BCL2-like 11); BAX (BCL2-Associated X protein); BAK (BCL2-Antagonist/Killer 1).