TABLE 2—

Association Between School and Regional Characteristics and 2013 Mandatory Vaccination Personal Belief Exemption Percentages and 2007–2013 Personal Belief Exemption Percentage Change: California

	PBE % 2013, School Level		PBE % 2013, Region Level		PBE % Change 2007–2013, School Level		PBE % Change 2007–2013, Region Level
Characteristic	b (95% CI)	P	b (95% CI)	P	b (95% CI)	P	b (95% CI)	P
% PBE, 2007					−0.167 (−0.254, −0.079)	< .001	−0.226 (−0.314, −0.137)	< .001
Kindergarten enrollment	−0.012 (−0.038, 0.013)	.349	0.043 (0.018, 0.069)	< .001	−0.005 (−0.035, 0.025)	.748	0.007 (−0.022, 0.036)	.633
Private school	−0.007 (−0.037, 0.023)	.637	0.018 (−0.012, 0.048)	.238	0.100 (0.061, 0.139)	< .001	0.089 (0.051, 0.127)	< .001
Income	0.175 (0.155, 0.196)	< .001	0.199 (0.177, 0.221)	< .001	0.061 (0.034, 0.087)	< .001	0.074 (0.044, 0.105)	< .001
Income inequality	−0.005 (−0.032, 0.021)	.691	−0.002 (−0.032, 0.027)	.877	−0.012 (−0.045, 0.020)	.446	−0.011 (−0.045, 0.024)	.547
White population	0.363 (0.338, 0.389)	< .001	0.458 (0.431, 0.485)	< .001	0.214 (0.183, 0.245)	< .001	0.268 (0.232, 0.304)	< .001
Education	−0.001 (−0.026, 0.024)	.953	0.013 (−0.014, 0.039)	.347	−0.048 (−0.077, −0.019)	.001	−0.044 (−0.078, −0.011)	.01
Population density	−0.015 (−0.043, 0.013)	.308	−0.023 (−0.053, 0.007)	.126	−0.034 (−0.069, 0.002)	.062	0.001 (−0.021, 0.024)	.909
Spatial lag (ρ)	0.265 (0.227, 0.303)	< .001	0.072 (0.050, 0.094)	< .001	0.125 (0.079, 0.171)	< .001	0.051 (0.025, 0.076)	< .001

Note. CI = confidence interval; PBE = personal belief exemption. Table shows results from the block group spatial lag models.