Table 1. Late infections to consider for prevention strategies.

Infection	Preventative strategies	Comments	Reference(s)
VZV, HSV	Prophylaxis, vaccination	Acyclovir and valacyclovir reduce morbidity in  first year; safety of live-attenuated vaccine is  not definitively demonstrated	13,17-19
CMV	Prophylaxis, preemptive monitoring	Ganciclovir-based prophylaxis and preemptive  administration may reduce infection and  associated death	20,21
Adenoviruses	Preemptive monitoring	Late infection may be more common than  appreciated, but prevention strategies are  lacking	23,24
Influenza	Vaccination and prophylaxis	Prophylaxis may be effective during outbreaks  and vaccination can reduce morbidity,  although not 100% effective	34-36
Respiratory bacterial pathogens	Prophylaxis, vaccination	Vaccination is critically important to reduce  pneumococcal infection; prophylactic tm/slf  may reduce some bacterial respiratory  infections	7,8
TB	Pre-HCT screening with treatment	Latent infection should be diagnosed and  treated to prevent reactivation late	8
Aspergillosis	Prophylaxis, preemptive monitoring	Randomized trials show efficacy of newer  azoles such as posaconazole and  voriconazole, although survival not  measurably improved	35,36
P jirovecipneumonia	Prophylaxis	trm/slf, administered daily or 2-3 times weekly is  the most effective regimen; alternatives  including dapsone and atovaquone available,  but not definitively studied	40,41
Toxoplasmosis	Prophylaxis	trm/slf may reduce infection	46
Nocardia	Prophylaxis	trm/slf may reduce infection, although  breakthrough occurs	46-48