Fig. 2.

Ibuprofen up-regulates COX-2 expression. a & b the UROtsa cells were treated with ibuprofen for 24 h at different dosages as indicated. a RT-qPCR (n = 3). b western blotting (representative image from three experiments). c RT-qPCR (n = 3), the UROtsa cells were treated with 2 mM ibuprofen for different periods of time as indicated. The numbers above each bar (a) & (c) indicate the fold change of the expression as compared to the DMSO control. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc were used for data analysis, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The asterisk denotes p < 0.05 between IBU treated and DMSO control cells