Table 3.

Comparing the mRNA expression between control and case groups

Gene	Histology analyses		n	RQ Mean ± SD	p
	Control group (n = 37)	Case groups
TNF-α	Normal gastric tissue Hp- (RQ: 1.072 ± 0.45)	Gastritis	70	2.912 ± 2.03	0.0001*
		Gastritis Hp+	47	3.774 ± 1.98	0.0001*
		Gastritis Hp-	23	1.297 ± 0.89	0.3697
		Neoplasic Hp+	21	1.163 ± 1.09	0.6332

Hp: Helicobacter pylori; n: number of samples; RQ: relative quantification; SD: standard deviation; *: statistical difference when p < 0.05