Table 3.

Changes in Smokers’ Perceptions of Smoking Acceptability over Time (2006–2009)

Perception	Wave 2 vs. Wave 1 OR (95% CI)	Wave 3 vs. Wave 2 OR (95% CI)	Wave 3 vs. Wave 1 OR (95% CI)
Female Smoking is Acceptable (Agreeing vs other)	1.12 (0.90 to 1.40)	1.16 (0.99 to 1.37)	1.30 (1.05 to 1.63)*
Society approves of smoking (Agreeing vs other)	1.08 (0.78 to 1.49)	1.05 (0.76 to 1.46)	1.14 (0.79 to 1.66)
Smoking is a sign of sophistication (Agreeing vs other)	1.50 (1.20 to 1.87)*	1.31 (1.03 to 1.66)*	1.96 (1.59 to 2.42)*
Close others do not disapprove of my smoking (Agreeing vs other)	0.94 (0.74 to 1.19)	0.89 (0.72 to 1.09)	0.83 (0.64 to 1.08)
Overall opinion of smoking (Good/v. good vs other)	0.67 (0.50 to 0.89)*	1.17 (0.88 to 1.56)	0.78 (0.55 to 1.10)

Note:

^*indicates a significant odds ratio at the p=.05 level. Odds ratios represent the odds of smokers’ responding with a positive perception of smoking compared to a more negative or neutral perception at one wave compared to another, controlling for time in sample, gender, income, education, age, city, and the other perception variables.