Table 1.
Geometric mean and standard deviation of prenatal and postnatal manganese levels (AUC 55Mn:43Ca) in dentin by demographic characteristics, CHAMACOS Study.
| Prenatal Dentin |
Postnatal Dentin |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | N (%) | GM (GSD) | N (%) | GM (GSD) | ||
| All participants | 197 (100.0) | 0.47 (1.5) | 193 (100.0) | 0.14 (2.8) | ||
| Mothers | ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18 - 24 | 74 (37.6) | 0.43 (1.5) | 73 (37.8) | 0.13 (3.0) | ||
| 25 - 29 | 74 (37.6) | 0.51 (1.5) | 71 (36.8) | 0.17 (1.9) | ||
| 30 - 34 | 31 (15.7) | 0.51 (1.4) | 31 (16.1) | 0.17 (3.7) | ||
| 35 - 45 | 18 (9.1) | 0.45 (1.4) | * | 18 (9.3) | 0.09 (4.1) | * |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| Latina | 192 (97.5) | 0.48 (1.5) | 188 (97.4) | 0.14 (2.9) | ||
| Other | 5 (2.5) | 0.33 (1.5) | * | 5 (2.6) | 0.11 (1.4) | |
| Education | ||||||
| < High school | 154 (78.2) | 0.50 (1.5) | 151 (78.2) | 0.14 (2.8) | ||
| ≥ High school | 43 (21.8) | 0.39 (1.5) | ** | 42 (21.8) | 0.13 (3.0) | |
| Income (% poverty) | ||||||
| < 100 | 118 (59.9) | 0.49 (1.4) | 115 (59.6) | 0.14 (3.6) | ||
| 100 - 200 | 71 (36.0) | 0.44 (1.5) | 70 (36.3) | 0.15 (1.6) | ||
| > 200 | 8 (4.1) | 0.47 (1.3) | 8 (4.2) | 0.13 (2.5) | ||
| Country of birth | ||||||
| Mexico | 174 (88.3) | 0.49 (1.5) | 170 (88.1) | 0.15 (3.0) | ||
| Other | 23 (11.7) | 0.36 (1.4) | ** | 23 (11.9) | 0.12 (1.8) | * |
| Time in U.S. (years) | ||||||
| ≤ 5 | 42 (21.3) | 0.50 (1.4) | 42 (21.8) | 0.13 (4.4) | ||
| 6 - 10 | 54 (27.4) | 0.48 (1.7) | 52 (26.9) | 0.17 (1.9) | ||
| ≥ 11 | 101 (51.3) | 0.46 (1.4) | 99 (51.3) | 0.13 (2.7) | ||
| Parity | ||||||
| 0 | 66 (33.5) | 0.47 (1.5) | 65 (33.7) | 0.15 (2.6) | ||
| ≥ 1 | 131 (66.5) | 0.47 (1.5) | 128 (66.3) | 0.14 (2.9) | ||
| Smoking during pregnancy | ||||||
| No | 187 (94.9) | 0.49 (1.5) | 183 (94.8) | 0.14 (2.9) | ||
| Yes | 10 (5.1) | 0.32 (1.8) | * | 10 (5.2) | 0.14 (1.8) | |
| Alcohol during pregnancy | ||||||
| No | 187 (98.4) | 0.48 (1.5) | 183 (98.4) | 0.15 (2.7) | ||
| Yes | 3 (1.6) | 0.32 (2.4) | 3 (1.6) | 0.11 (1.2) | ||
| HOME score at 6-months | ||||||
| < 33 | 98 (49.8) | 0.51 (1.5) | 95 (49.2) | 0.14 (3.9) | ||
| ≥ 33 | 99 (50.2) | 0.44 (1.5) | * | 98 (50.8) | 0.15 (1.8) | |
| Maternal PPVT score | ||||||
| < 91 | 96 (48.7) | 0.48 (1.5) | 93 (48.2) | 0.13 (3.3) | ||
| ≥ 91 | 101 (51.3) | 0.47 (1.5) | 100 (51.8) | 0.15 (2.4) | ||
| Children | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Boy | 84 (42.6) | 0.47 (1.5) | 81 (42.0) | 0.13 (3.1) | ||
| Girl | 113 (57.4) | 0.48 (1.5) | 112 (58.0) | 0.15 (2.6) | ||
| Birth weight (g) | ||||||
| < 2500 | 8 (4.1) | 0.41 (1.7) | 8 (4.2) | 0.15 (2.0) | ||
| 2500 - 3500 | 94 (47.7) | 0.47 (1.5) | 91 (47.2) | 0.16 (1.9) | ||
| > 3500 | 95 (48.2) | 0.49 (1.4) | 94 (48.7) | 0.12 (3.7) | ||
| Gestational duration (weeks) | ||||||
| < 37 | 17 (8.6) | 0.40 (1.8) | 17 (8.8) | 0.16 (2.1) | ||
| 37 - 42 | 180 (91.4) | 0.48 (1.5) | 176 (91.2) | 0.14 (2.9) | ||
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01