Table 1. Framingham Risk Scores and General Health-Related Characteristics of Study Subjects.
| Variables | Men (n=5718) | Women (n=8018) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 43.3 (0.3) | 44.8 (0.3) | <0.05 |
| 20-39 | 1740 (30.4) | 2685 (33.5) | |
| 40-59 | 2182 (38.2) | 3064 (38.2) | |
| ≥60 | 1796 (31.4) | 2269 (28.3) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 (0.1) | 23.2 (0.1) | <0.05 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 117.7 (0.3) | 113.4 (0.3) | <0.05 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 77.4 (0.2) | 72.6 (0.2) | <0.05 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 186.8 (0.6) | 185.8 (0.2) | <0.05 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 49.4 (0.2) | 55.5 (0.2) | <0.05 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 157.4 (2.2) | 109.3 (1.1) | <0.05 |
| FBS (mg/dL) | 98.4 (0.4) | 95.1 (0.3) | <0.05 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 19.4 (0.2) | 16.8 (0.2) | <0.05 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2363.8 (16.2) | 1660.3 (10.5) | <0.05 |
| Calcium intake (mg/day) | 574.4 (5.7) | 453.8 (4.8) | <0.05 |
| FRS | 6.53 (1.14) | 5.74 (0.14) | <0.05 |
| Q1 | -10-4 | -8-0 | |
| Q2 | 5-10 | 1-8 | |
| Q3 | 11-13 | 9-14 | |
| Q4 | 14-19 | 15-26 | |
| Smoking, n (%) | <0.05 | ||
| Yes | 2449 (42.8) | 423 (5.3) | |
| No | 3269 (57.2) | 7595 (94.7) | |
| Alcohol, n (%) | <0.05 | ||
| Yes | 4192 (73.6) | 3058 (38.3) | |
| No | 1505 (26.4) | 4930 (61.7) | |
| Activity, n (%) | <0.05 | ||
| Yes | 815 (14.3) | 1119 (14.0) | |
| No | 4902 (85.7) | 6887 (86.0) | |
| Milk consumption, n (%) | <0.05 | ||
| Rarely | 1806 (31.6) | 2389 (29.8) | |
| Monthly | 995 (17.4) | 1106 (13.8) | |
| Weekly | 2010 (35.2) | 2727 (34.0) | |
| Daily | 907 (15.9) | 1796 (22.4) |
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; FBS, fasting blood sugar; FRS, Framingham Risk Score; 25(OH)D, serum 25-hyroxyvitamin D; energy intake, total calorie intake; smoking, current smoking status; alcohol, current alcohol consumption; activity, moderate physical activity.
Data are expressed as mean (standard error). p values are from a general linear model and χ2 test after data weighting.