Table 1.
Comparison of typical microarray bioprinting methods.
| Printing Mechanisms | Cell Viability | Hydrogels Printed | Cells Printed | Spot Volume (nL) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Micro-Solenoid Valve | >95% | Alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, PuraMatrix™, Matrigel® | Hela cell line, human glioblastoma, hepatoma cell lines | 20–1000 | [8,9,14,25,26] |
| Piezoelectric Nozzle | 95% | Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA), methacrylated gelatin | Human fibroblasts, chondrocytes, HepG2 | 0.05–1 | [13,14,27,28] |
| LIFT | >90% | Gelatin, Matrigel® | Human mesenchymal stem cells, keratinocytes | 0.1 | [13,27,29] |
| Ultrasonic Wave Generator | 85%–89% | Dextran, polyethylene glycol (PEG) | Mouse myofibroblasts, embryonic stem cells, breast cancer cell lines, cardiomyocytes | 40–300 | [12,22] |