Table 3.

Differentially expressed genes in A549 cells exposed to crystalline silica.

		Crystalline silica (μg/cm2)					Time interval (hrs)
	Gene	15	30	60	120	240	2	6	24
Reactive Oxygen Species
SOD2	Superoxide dismutase 2	1.08	1.11	1.21*	1.98*	2.50*	–1.05	1.21*	4.52*
CAT	Catalase	1.02	–1.05	–1.07	–1.16*	–1.14*	–1.08	–1.07	–1.24
SMOX	Spermine oxidase	1.33	1.39*	1.55*	2.99*	3.52*	1.33	1.55*	2.55*
CYR61	Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61	1.12	1.59*	1.90*	2.47*	1.57*	2.11*	1.90*	1.55*
Antioxidant/Oxidative Stress
NFE2L2	Nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2	1.03	1.05	1.15	1.83*	1.61*	1.28*	1.15	–1.05
NFκB1	Nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1	–1.04	1.18	1.31*	2.00*	2.03*	1.11	1.31*	1.50*
NFκB2	Nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2	1.04	1.02	1.05	1.12*	1.11*	1.05	1.05	1.09*
NFκBIZ	Nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, ζ	1.15	1.21	1.23	2.51*	3.31*	1.18	1.23	2.86*
DUSP1	Dual specificity phosphatase 1	1.24	1.22*	1.49*	2.47*	3.00*	1.56	1.49*	1.55*
DUSP5	Dual specificity phosphatase 5	1.92*	1.79*	2.48*	5.74*	8.02*	2.84*	2.48*	2.98*
FOS	v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog	1.24	1.36	1.42	3.93*	20.34*	2.06*	1.42	1.24*
junb	jun B proto-oncogene	1.02	–1.00	1.07	1.46*	1.72*	1.20	1.07	–1.03
c-JUN	jun oncogene	1.27	1.46	1.87*	5.46*	10.64*	2.17*	1.87*	2.40*
STC1	Stanniocalcin 1	1.63*	1.75*	2.37*	4.67*	5.40*	1.90*	2.37*	2.75*
STC2	Stanniocalcin 2	1.22	1.31*	1.55*	2.06*	2.03*	1.02	1.55*	3.35*
Inflammation
IRF1	Interferon regulatory factor 1	1.10	1.06	1.14	1.54*	1.33*	–1.04	1.54*	1.15
RELA	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A	1.02	1.06	1.11*	1.22*	1.12*	1.05	1.11*	1.13*
relb	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B	1.20*	1.24*	1.51*	1.92*	1.73*	–1.01	1.51*	1.92*
IL1A	Interleukin 1 α	1.05	1.02	1.05	1.86*	2.62*	ND	1.05	1.22*
IL1B	Interleukin 1 β	ND	–1.00	1.02	1.28*	1.45*	ND	1.28*	1.6*
IL6	Interleukin 6	1.12	1.24	1.58*	6.17*	8.51*	1.43*	1.58*	6.14*
IL8	Interleukin 8	3.16*	3.84*	7.13*	35.72*	41.60*	9.77*	7.13*	18.21*
IL11	Interleukin 11	1.08	1.23	1.47	3.75*	4.92*	1.89*	1.47	1.49*
IRAK2	Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2	1.63*	1.77*	1.89*	5.56*	7.15*	1.66*	1.89*	3.54*
PTGS2	Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	1.51	1.55*	2.21*	11.13*	15.09*	2.38*	2.21*	3.91*
CCL2/MCP1	Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	1.68	1.77*	1.67*	3.30*	3.57*	1.38	1.67*	3.23*
CL20/MIP3α	Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20	1.06	1.06	1.23*	3.20*	4.16*	1.13	1.23*	2.39*
CXCL1/ GRO1	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1	ND	−1.00	1.04	1.41*	1.50*	ND	1.04	1.60*
CXCL2/MIP-2	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2	1.24	1.12	1.29	3.81*	3.58*	1.38	1.29	3.23*
CXCL5	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5	1.24	1.17	1.57*	2.70*	4.16*	1.13	1.57*	2.39*
CXC18/IL8	Interleukin 8	3.16*	3.84*	7.13*	35.72*	41.60*	9.77*	7.13*	18.21*
PLAU	Plasminogen activator urokinase	1.23	1.44	1.75*	2.44*	1.83*	1.48*	1.75*	1.53*
ITGA2	Integrin α 2 (CD49B, α 2 subunit of VLA-2 receptor)	–1.05	1.11	1.26	1.74*	1.57*	1.03	1.26	1.81*
MMP10	Matrix metallopeptidase 10	ND	1.03	1.04	1.87*	3.82*	ND	1.04	1.71*
CEBPB	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein	1.13	1.23*	1.42*	2.78*	3.62*	1.86*	1.42*	2.08*
Apoptosis
NFE2L2	Nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2	1.03	1.05	1.15	1.83*	1.61*	1.28*	1.15	–1.05
NFκB1	Nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1	–1.04	1.18	1.31*	2.00*	2.03*	1.11	1.31*	1.50*
NFκB2	Nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 (p49/p100)	1.04	1.02	1.05	1.12*	1.11*	1.05	1.05	1.09*
NFκBIA	Nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor α	1.10	1.32*	1.45*	2.93*	4.48*	1.35	1.45*	1.94*
NFκBIZ	Nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, ζ	1.15	1.21	1.23	2.51*	3.31*	1.18	1.23	2.86*
GDF-15	Growth differentiation factor 15	1.65*	1.50*	1.75*	5.33*	9.68*	1.74	1.75*	2.38*
GADD45α	Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 α	1.19	1.46*	1.62*	3.08*	3.81*	1.59*	1.62*	1.79*
GADD34	Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 34	1.86*	2.10*	2.82*	5.88*	10.93*	2.72*	2.82*	3.56*
EGR1	Early Growth Response 1	1.91*	2.05*	2.51*	13.65*	36.34*	6.46*	2.51*	2.49*
BIRC3	Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 3	1.27	1.58*	2.01*	5.78*	8.51*	1.59*	2.01*	2.43*
c-FOS	v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog	1.24	1.36	1.42	3.93*	20.34*	2.06*	1.42	1.24*
FOSB	FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B	3.58*	3.87*	4.30*	11.64*	34.73*	9.83*	4.30*	3.74*
FOSL1	FOS-like antigen 1	1.10	1.31*	1.63*	2.93*	2.33*	1.39*	1.63*	1.44*
CYR61	Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61	1.12	1.59*	1.90*	2.47*	1.57*	2.11*	1.90*	1.55*
JUND	jun D proto-oncogene	–1.03	1.10	1.20	2.26*	3.26*	1.17	1.20	–1.01
OKL-38	Pregnancy-induced growth inhibitor	–1.18	1.10	1.16	1.79*	2.49*	1.32	1.16	–1.16
Cancer
EFNA1	Ephrin-A1	1.31	1.32	1.45	2.72*	2.93*	1.10	1.45	1.88*
MYC	v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian)	1.14	1.22	1.32	1.69*	2.16*	1.23	1.32	1.16
CEBPB	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein	1.13	1.23*	1.42*	2.78*	3.62*	1.86*	1.42*	2.08*
TRIB1	Tribbles homolog 1 (Drosophila)	1.13	1.09	1.22	2.57*	3.90*	1.34	1.22	1.55*
PTGS2	Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	1.51	1.55*	2.21*	11.13*	15.09*	2.38*	2.21*	3.91*
ZFP36	Zinc finger protein 36	1.36	1.44	1.58*	6.43*	10.65*	2.16*	1.58*	1.10
KLF2	Kruppel-like factor 2	1.33	1.67	1.87*	2.38*	1.90*	1.88*	1.87*	1.18*
KLF6	Kruppel-like factor 6	1.38*	1.61*	1.97*	5.14*	6.84*	2.03*	1.97*	2.38*
KLF11	Kruppel-like factor 11	1.08	1.13	1.21	1.60*	1.65*	1.14	1.21	1.58*
KLF13	Kruppel-like factor 13	1.14	1.22	1.38*	1.71*	1.32*	1.01	1.38*	1.15
ETS1	v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1	1.36	1.44*	1.77*	3.50*	3.58*	1.35*	1.77*	2.06*
DDIT3	DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3	1.36*	1.48*	1.63*	3.11*	4.15*	1.25	1.63*	2.17*
FGF2	Fibroblast growth factor 2	1.00	1.00	1.10	1.25*	1.27*	1.07	1.10	1.07
Cellular Growth and Proliferation
EGR1	Early Growth Response 1	1.91*	2.05*	2.51*	13.65*	36.34*	6.46*	2.51*	2.49*
RELB	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B	1.20*	1.24*	1.51*	1.92*	1.73*	–1.01	1.51*	1.92*
IL8	Interleukin 8	3.16*	3.84*	7.13*	35.72*	41.60*	9.77*	7.13*	18.21*
DUSP5	Dual specificity phosphatases 5	1.92*	1.79*	2.48*	5.74*	8.02*	2.84*	2.48*	2.98*
FST	Follistatin	1.41*	1.62*	2.20*	4.57*	4.60*	1.25	2.20*	2.48*
ETS1	v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1	1.36	1.44*	1.77*	3.50*	3.58*	1.35*	1.77*	2.06*
Cell Cycle
EGR1	Early Growth Response 1	1.91*	2.05*	2.51*	13.65*	36.34*	6.46*	2.51*	2.49*
ETS1	v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1	1.36	1.44*	1.77*	3.50*	3.58*	1.35*	1.77*	2.06*
STC1	Stanniocalcin 1	1.63*	1.75*	2.37*	4.67*	5.40*	1.90*	2.37*	2.75*
c-JUN	jun oncogene	1.27	1.46	1.87*	5.46*	10.64*	2.17*	1.87*	2.40*
NFκBIA	Nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor α	1.10	1.32*	1.45*	2.93*	4.48*	1.35	1.45*	1.94*
PTGS2	Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	1.51	1.55*	2.21*	11.13*	15.09*	2.38*	2.21*	3.91*
Cellular Development
CSF2	Colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	ND	1.07	1.13	2.48*	3.81*	1.08	1.13	2.04*
CEBPB	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)	1.13	1.23*	1.42*	2.78*	3.62*	1.86*	1.42*	2.08*
EGR1	Early Growth Response 1	1.91*	2.05*	2.51*	13.65*	36.34*	6.46*	2.51*	2.49*
FOSL1	FOS-like antigen 1	1.10	1.31*	1.63*	2.93*	2.33*	1.39*	1.63*	1.44*
c-JUN	jun oncogene	1.27	1.46	1.87*	5.46*	10.64*	2.17*	1.87*	2.40*
FOXO1	Forkhead box O1	1.17	1.21*	1.41*	2.06*	1.76*	1.16	1.41*	1.33*

Data represent the fold change in expression of the individual genes and are mean of five independent microarray experiments.

Some of the genes are listed under multiple categories since they are involved in multiple functions.

ND, Gene expression not detected.

^*Statistically significant change in expression compared to the corresponding control (FDR p value < 0.05).