Table 1.
Total | Females | Males | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | n | % | n | % | n | % | p Valuea |
Total | 8237 | 100.0 | 4973 | 100.0 | 3264 | 100.0 | |
State | |||||||
California | 4638 | 56.3 | 2945 | 59.2 | 1693 | 51.9 | <0.0001 |
Massachusetts | 787 | 9.6 | 502 | 10.1 | 285 | 8.7 | 0.0396 |
Michigan | 2341 | 28.4 | 1265 | 25.4 | 1076 | 33.0 | <0.0001 |
New Jersey | 471 | 5.7 | 261 | 5.3 | 210 | 6.4 | 0.023 |
Reporting Source | |||||||
Healthcare professional report | 5788 | 70.3 | 3470 | 69.8 | 2318 | 71.0 | 0.228 |
Hospital datab | 1257 | 15.3 | 706 | 14.2 | 551 | 16.9 | 0.001 |
Workers’ compensation | 1083 | 13.2 | 738 | 14.8 | 345 | 10.6 | <0.0001 |
Co-worker | 17 | 0.2 | 11 | 0.2 | 6 | 0.2 | 0.715 |
Poison control centers | 66 | 0.8 | 37 | 0.7 | 29 | 0.9 | 0.472 |
Otherc | 26 | 0.3 | 11 | 0.2 | 15 | 0.5 | 0.059 |
Work-Related Asthma Classification | |||||||
Work-aggravated asthmad | 1654 | 20.1 | 1213 | 24.4 | 441 | 13.5 | <0.0001 |
New-onset asthmae | 4229 | 51.3 | 2386 | 48.0 | 1843 | 56.5 | <0.0001 |
Occupational asthma | 3620 | 43.9 | 2061 | 41.5 | 1559 | 47.8 | 0.002 |
Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) | 609 | 7.4 | 325 | 6.5 | 284 | 8.7 | 0.004 |
Confirmed, but unclassifiablef | 2354 | 28.6 | 1374 | 27.6 | 980 | 30.0 | 0.467 |
Age | |||||||
16–24 | 670 | 8.1 | 311 | 6.3 | 359 | 11.0 | <0.0001 |
25–34 | 1572 | 19.1 | 850 | 17.1 | 722 | 22.1 | <0.0001 |
35–44 | 2369 | 28.8 | 1467 | 29.5 | 902 | 27.6 | 0.068 |
45–54 | 2329 | 28.3 | 1537 | 30.9 | 792 | 24.3 | <0.0001 |
55–64 | 1130 | 13.7 | 712 | 14.3 | 418 | 12.8 | 0.051 |
≥65 | 111 | 1.4 | 65 | 1.3 | 46 | 1.4 | 0.694 |
Unknown | 56 | 0.7 | 31 | 0.6 | 25 | 0.8 | 0.441 |
Race | |||||||
White | 4008 | 48.7 | 2410 | 48.5 | 1598 | 49.0 | 0.659 |
Black | 864 | 10.5 | 594 | 11.9 | 270 | 8.3 | <0.0001 |
American Indian/Alaskan Native | 104 | 1.3 | 62 | 1.3 | 42 | 1.3 | 0.874 |
Asian | 160 | 1.9 | 112 | 2.3 | 48 | 1.5 | 0.012 |
Other/mixed race | 388 | 4.7 | 235 | 4.7 | 153 | 4.7 | 0.937 |
Unknown | 2713 | 32.9 | 1560 | 31.4 | 1153 | 35.3 | 0.0002 |
Ethnicity | |||||||
Hispanic | 602 | 7.8 | 349 | 7.5 | 253 | 8.2 | 0.223 |
Non-Hispanic | 4635 | 59.7 | 2915 | 62.2 | 1720 | 55.8 | <0.0001 |
Unknown | 2530 | 32.6 | 1420 | 30.3 | 1110 | 36.0 | <0.0001 |
Major Industry (NAICS 2002) | |||||||
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing (11) | 156 | 1.9 | 49 | 1.0 | 107 | 3.3 | <0.0001 |
Mining (21) | 14 | 0.2 | 4 | 0.1 | 10 | 0.3 | 0.015 |
Utilities (22) | 84 | 1.0 | 40 | 0.8 | 44 | 1.4 | 0.016 |
Construction (23) | 275 | 3.3 | 37 | 0.7 | 238 | 7.3 | <0.0001 |
Manufacturing (31–33) | 2222 | 27.0 | 955 | 19.2 | 1267 | 38.8 | <0.0001 |
Wholesale trade (42) | 134 | 1.6 | 57 | 1.2 | 77 | 2.4 | <0.0001 |
Retail trade (44–45) | 374 | 4.6 | 247 | 5.0 | 127 | 3.9 | 0.022 |
Transportation and warehousing (48–49) | 297 | 3.6 | 137 | 2.8 | 160 | 4.9 | <0.0001 |
Information (51) | 146 | 1.8 | 112 | 2.3 | 34 | 1.0 | <0.0001 |
Finance and insurance (52) | 140 | 1.7 | 126 | 2.5 | 14 | 0.4 | <0.0001 |
Real estate, rental, and leasing (53) | 59 | 0.7 | 31 | 0.6 | 28 | 0.9 | 0.217 |
Professional, scientific, and technical services (54) | 159 | 1.9 | 113 | 2.3 | 46 | 1.4 | 0.005 |
Management of companies and enterprises (55) | 2 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.522 |
Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services (56) | 255 | 3.1 | 117 | 2.4 | 138 | 4.2 | <0.0001 |
Educational services (61) | 723 | 8.8 | 586 | 11.8 | 137 | 4.2 | <0.0001 |
Healthcare and social assistance (62) | 1597 | 19.4 | 1427 | 28.7 | 170 | 5.2 | <0.0001 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation (71) | 117 | 1.4 | 70 | 1.4 | 47 | 1.4 | 0.903 |
Accommodation and food services (72) | 206 | 2.5 | 136 | 2.7 | 70 | 2.1 | 0.093 |
Other services (except public administration) (81) | 181 | 2.2 | 91 | 1.8 | 90 | 2.8 | 0.005 |
Public administration (92) | 882 | 10.7 | 527 | 10.6 | 355 | 10.9 | 0.689 |
Unknown | 214 | 2.6 | 109 | 2.2 | 105 | 3.2 | 0.004 |
Major Occupation (COC 2000) | |||||||
Management (001–043) | 253 | 3.1 | 189 | 3.8 | 64 | 2.0 | <0.0001 |
Business and financial operations (050–095) | 121 | 1.5 | 108 | 2.2 | 13 | 0.4 | <0.0001 |
Computer and mathematical (100–124) | 56 | 0.7 | 40 | 0.8 | 16 | 0.5 | 0.090 |
Architecture and engineering (130–156) | 76 | 0.9 | 28 | 0.6 | 48 | 1.5 | <0.0001 |
Life, physical and social services (160–196) | 135 | 1.6 | 91 | 1.8 | 44 | 1.4 | 0.092 |
Community and social services (200–206) | 105 | 1.3 | 88 | 1.8 | 17 | 0.5 | <0.0001 |
Legal (210–215) | 20 | 0.2 | 17 | 0.3 | 3 | 0.1 | 0.024 |
Education training and library (220–255) | 349 | 4.2 | 307 | 6.2 | 42 | 1.3 | <0.0001 |
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media (260–296) | 29 | 0.4 | 18 | 0.4 | 11 | 0.3 | <0.0001 |
Healthcare practitioners and technical (300–354) | 719 | 8.7 | 668 | 13.4 | 51 | 1.6 | <0.0001 |
Healthcare support (360–365) | 271 | 3.3 | 250 | 5.0 | 21 | 0.6 | <0.0001 |
Protective service (370–395) | 410 | 5.0 | 147 | 3.0 | 263 | 8.1 | <0.0001 |
Food preparation and serving related (400–416) | 177 | 2.2 | 121 | 2.4 | 56 | 1.7 | 0.028 |
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance (420–425) | 428 | 5.2 | 220 | 4.4 | 208 | 6.4 | <0.0001 |
Personal care and service (430–465) | 111 | 1.4 | 94 | 1.9 | 17 | 0.5 | <0.0001 |
Sales and related (470–496) | 219 | 2.7 | 165 | 3.3 | 54 | 1.7 | <0.0001 |
Office and administrative support (500–593) | 1122 | 13.6 | 993 | 20.0 | 129 | 4.0 | <0.0001 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry (600–613) | 81 | 1.0 | 32 | 0.6 | 49 | 1.5 | 0.0001 |
Construction and extraction (620–694) | 331 | 4.0 | 34 | 0.7 | 297 | 9.1 | <0.0001 |
Installation repair and maintenance (700–762) | 246 | 3.0 | 31 | 0.6 | 215 | 6.6 | <0.0001 |
Production (770–896) | 1585 | 19.2 | 679 | 13.7 | 906 | 27.8 | <0.0001 |
Transportation and material moving (900–975) | 564 | 6.9 | 205 | 4.1 | 359 | 11.0 | <0.0001 |
Unknown | 829 | 10.1 | 448 | 9.0 | 381 | 11.7 | <0.0001 |
COC, Census Occupation Classification; NAICS, North American Industrial Classification System (The numbers in parentheses signify NAICS 2002 codes or COC 2000 codes).
p Value for gender differences.
Includes hospital discharge and emergency department data.
Cases identified through death certificates, self-report, reports from the Mine Safety and Health Administration, and reports from Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Pre-existing asthma aggravated by exposure or condition at work.
Includes cases of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome and occupational asthma.
Confirmed cases of work-related asthma that lack the necessary information to determine if they are new-onset asthma or work-aggravated asthma.
Numbers may not add up to total because of missing values.