Table 4.
Distribution of categories of modifiable non-antimicrobial factors or inventions described retained citations in human populations (n = 356) where there was a statistically significant association with antimicrobial resistance
| Category | Factors or intervention | Decrease | Increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biocides or disinifectants | Antiseptic soap or hand sanitizers, benzalkonium, biocides, chlorhexidine, disinfectant, ethdium bromide, house cleaning solution, pine oil, triclosan | 0 | 5 |
| Hospital-related factors | Increasing length of hospitalization or time spent in an intensive care unit or other ward | 0 | 289 |
| Colonization pressure | 0 | 8 | |
| Daycare | 0 | 3 | |
| Infectious disease consultation | 1 | 1 | |
| Interval between hospitalizations | 0 | 0 | |
| Long-term care | 1 | 8 | |
| Hospital size | 0 | 1 | |
| Multiple visits to a hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| Overcrowding | 0 | 2 | |
| Transfers between units | 0 | 11 | |
| Individual-level factors | Aspirin/salicylic acid | 0 | 3 |
| Breast milk | 1 | 0 | |
| Hamycin treatment | 0 | 0 | |
| Immunosuppresives | 1 | 13 | |
| Lactobacillus inocula | 0 | 0 | |
| Laparotomy vs. laproscopy | 0 | 0 | |
| Pneumonoccal vaccination | 14 | 0 | |
| Sucralfate | 0 | 2 | |
| Total citations | 18 | 364 |