Table 2.
Associations with poor outcome among MDR-TB patients, excluding patients who transferred out (n = 192)
| Patient characteristic | Poor outcome n/N (%) |
OR (95%CI) | Univariate P value |
aOR (95%CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Previously treated† | 59/137 (43) | 2.33 (1.14–4.74) | 0.02 | Smear-positive at start: 2.75 (0.80–9.44) Smear-negative at start: 0.49 (0.12–2.03) |
| New† | 13/53 (25) | Reference | Smear-positive at start: 0.82 (0.20–3.33) Smear-negative at start: Reference |
|
| Sputum status | ||||
| Sputum-positive at start | 63/134 (47) | 3.79 (1.81–7.94) | <0.001 | See above |
| Sputum-negative at start | 11/58 (19) | Reference | See above | |
| Age, years | ||||
| ≥42 | 46/106 (43) | 1.49 (0.89–2.87) | 0.13 | — |
| <42 | 28/86 (33) | Reference | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 64/159 (40) | 1.55 (0.69–3.47) | 0.29 | — |
| Female | 10/33 (30) | Reference | ||
| Bilateral disease‡ | ||||
| Bilateral | 54/122 (44) | 1.95 (1.04–3.66) | 0.04 | — |
| Unilateral | 20/69 (29) | Reference | ||
| Cavitary disease‡ | ||||
| Yes | 67/165 (41) | 1.86 (0.74–4.66) | 0.18 | — |
| No | 7/26 (27) | Reference | ||
| Initial resistance to | ||||
| FLD and an injectable agent | 30/65 (46) | 1.62 (0.88–2.97) | 0.12 | 1.67 (0.85–3.29) |
| FLD only | 44/127 (35) | Reference | Reference | |
| Time of enrollment | ||||
| Before 2004 | 39/104 (38) | 0.91 (0.51–1.63) | 0.75 | — |
| In or after 2004 | 35/88 (40) | Reference | ||
| Continuation phase | ||||
| In-patient | 4/16 (25) | Reference | 0.25 | — |
| Out-patient | 70/176 (40) | 1.98 (0.61–6.39) | ||
| Time from MDR-TB to treatment | ||||
| <446 days | 53/141 (38) | 0.86 (0.45–1.65) | 0.65 | — |
| ≥446 days | 21/51 (41) | Reference | ||
| Incarceration | ||||
| Yes | 8/19 (42) | 1.18 (0.45–3.08) | 0.73 | — |
| No | 66/173 (38) | Reference | ||
| Treatment interruptions during intensive phase | ||||
| ≥3 | 26/49 (53) | 2.24 (1.16–4.33) | 0.02 | 2.07 (1.001–4.27) |
| <3 | 48/143 (34) | Reference | Reference | |
| Alcohol or drug addiction | ||||
| Yes | 35/68 (52) | 2.31 (1.26–4.24) | 0.007 | 1.95 (0.99–3.82) |
| No | 39/124 (31) | Reference | Reference | |
| Surgical treatment | ||||
| Yes | 8/18 (44) | 1.31 (0.49–3.48) | 0.59 | — |
| No | 66/174 (38) | Reference | ||
*
Smear status at enrollment modified the effect of previous treatment on outcome, and these aORs are stratified. The referent for the stratified aORs is new patient, smear-negative.
†
Two previously treated patients with unknown regimens were excluded.
‡
One patient with no radiology report was excluded.
MDR-TB = multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; FLD = first-line drug.