Figure 1.

(A) Mouse cancellous fracture model surgery. The bar indicates the incision site. Incision should fully expose the ligamentum patellae and musculi quadriceps femoris anatomical structures. (Shown by black and blue arrows respectively); (B) Two parallel leading holes, as indicated by two black arrows, were made at the intercondylar fossa to lead the direction of artificial fracture line; (C) After fully connected both leading holes with the scalpel tip, gently twist the scalpel in a “key open lock” maneuver to make a single stable fracture line; (D) The distal half of femur was collected and submitted to subsequent stains. Gross anatomy showed that the cancellous fracture line had mostly healed by day 7.