Figure 1. Quaternary stereocenters are important structural features of many biologically active molecules as exemplified by the natural products cortisone and morphine.
a, Structures of the steroid cortisone and opioid morphine with their quaternary stereocenters highlighted. Me, methyl. b, Steric congestion, which presents a formidable challenge for chemical synthesis of molecules containing quaternary stereocenters, is illustrated in the molecular models of morphine, particularly in the space-filling model on the right in which its sterically congested quaternary center is barely visible at the end of the pointing arrow.