Table 1.
Descriptive and clinical characteristics split by sex.
| Male | Female | Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall n = 252 | n = 121 | n = 131 | |
| Age (years) | 14.9 ± 2.3 | 15.3 ± 2.5 | 0.199 |
| Tanner | 3.9 ± 1.2 | 4.2 ± 0.9 | 0.004 |
| Height (cm) | 168.6 ± 12.1 | 161.7 ± 8.6 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 66.3 ± 21.2 | 61.8 ± 17.4 | 0.061 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 5.1 | 23.4 ± 5.5 | 0.433 |
| BMI - percentile (%) | 67.5 ± 27.9 | 68.7 ± 25.1 | 0.721 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 147 ± 26 | 148 ± 24 | 0.778 |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 83 ± 23 | 83 ± 21 | 0.918 |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 48 ± 11 | 49 ± 10 | 0.347 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 77 ± 40 | 80 ± 39 | 0.482 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 112 ± 9 | 107 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 58 ± 8 | 59 ± 7 | 0.376 |
| BF% | 21.6 ± 9.9 | 32.5 ± 9.0 | <0.001 |
| Visceral Fat (cm2) | 21.4 ± 13.6 | 20.8 ± 8.5 | 0.654 |
| Mlbm (mg/kgLBM/min) | 12.7 ± 4.3 | 12.4 ± 4.1 | 0.527 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/L) | 10.2 ± 7.8 | 11.1 ± 6.6 | 0.346 |
| Brachial artery diameter (mm) | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| cIMT (mm) | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 0.44 ± 0.04 | 0.079 |
| cIEM | 1018 ± 560 | 969 ± 314 | 0.390 |
| PWV (m/s) | 6.9 ± 1.2 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 0.223 |
| FMD% | 7.0 ± 3.3 | 8.3 ± 3.8 | 0.002 |
| FMD (AUC) | 669 ± 406 | 774 ± 433 | 0.048 |
*
Data are Mean ± SD
Group difference determined by paired t-test.
BMI = Body Mass Index; BF = Body Fat; LDL-C = Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG= Triglycerides; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; Mlbm = insulin sensitivity/resistance (adjusted for lean body mass); cIMT = Carotid intima-media thickness; cIEM = carotid incremental elastic modulus; PWV = Pulse wave velocity; FMD = Flow-mediated dilation.