Table 1.

Antibiotics affecting bacterial protein synthesis and human health

Class	Name	Target	Reported side effects	References
Aminoglycosides	Amikacin, Dibekacin, Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Neomycins, Streptomycin, Tobramycin	Peptide elongation at the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit	Kidney injury, ototoxicity, and vestibular toxicity	60
Amphenicols	Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol	Protein elongation by overlapping with the binding site at the A‐site of 50S ribosomal subunit	Aplastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, neurotoxicity	62, 63
Macrolides	Azithromycin, Carbomycin A, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin	Peptide‐bond formation and ribosomal translocation	Myopathy, QT prolongation, nausea	65
Oxazolidinones	Eperezolid, Linezolid, Posizolid, Radezolid, Sutezolid	Peptide‐bond formation by blocking tRNA binding at the A‐site of 50S ribosome	Nausea, bone marrow suppression, lactic acidosis	54, 61
Streptogramins	Pristinamycin, Quinupristin/dalfopristin, Virginiamycin	Protein elongation at the A‐ and P‐sites of 50S ribosome	Nausea, myalgia, arthralgia	68
Tetracyclines	Doxycycline, Chlortetracycline, Lymecycline, Meclocycline, Minocycline, Tetracycline	Polypeptide synthesis by sterically blocking the recruitment of the aminoacyl‐tRNA at the A‐site of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit	Phototoxicity, secondary intracranial hypertension, teeth discoloration, steatosis, liver toxicity	53, 54, 55, 56

References are reporting an effect on mitochondria, except for 68 which refers to chloroplasts.