Table 4.

Estimated coefficients of famine effects on combined disease risks from biomarkers, self-reports, and anthropometries.

	Hypertension	Heart Problem	Dyslipidemia	Diabetes	Height	BMI	Overweight	Abdominal Obesity
SCD (ref: post-famine)
Pre-famine	0.218***	0.075	0.020	0.141*	−1.332***	−0.542***	−0.125*	−0.069
Famine	0.128*	0.020	0.039	0.166*	−0.727*	−0.165	−0.060	−0.047
DCT (ref: post-famine)
Pre-famine	0.013	0.525*	−0.066	−0.166	−0.631	0.451	0.262	0.227
Famine	−0.036	0.261†	−0.074	0.017	−0.300	0.191	0.096	0.047
DID (ref: post-famine)
Provincial EDR
× Pre-famine	−0.012†	−0.003	−0.019**	0.007	−0.082**	−0.040*	−0.008	−0.015**
× Famine	−0.012	−0.023*	−0.014†	−0.015	0.007	−0.041*	−0.017*	0.002
Provincial CSSI
× Pre-famine	−0.004	−0.002	−0.007	0.009†	−0.038	−0.017	−0.002	−0.006
× Famine	−0.004	−0.011*	−0.005	−0.005	0.014	−0.018	−0.009†	0.007
Prefecture CSSI
× Pre-famine	−0.003	−0.005	−0.007†	0.006	−0.028	−0.026*	−0.004	−0.006
× Famine	−0.003	−0.004	−0.005	−0.002	0.013	−0.021†	−0.008*	0.004
Famine cohort probit/OLS
Provincial EDR	−0.017*	−0.029**	−0.020**	−0.012	−0.127**	−0.019	−0.009	0.010
Provincial CSSI	−0.012*	−0.022**	−0.012**	−0.007	−0.079*	−0.019	−0.009†	0.007
Prefecture CSSI	−0.010*	−0.012*	−0.010*	−0.005	−0.057*	−0.022†	−0.009*	0.003
Famine cohort 2SLS
Prefecture CSSI	−0.004	−0.003	0.003	−0.002	−0.107	0.049	−0.002	0.015†
Diagnostic statistics
First-stage F	16.98	19.91	15.12	15.36	16.67	16.89	16.89	16.77
Stock-Yogo’s test	Passed	Passed	Passed	Passed	Passed	Passed	Passed	Passed

Note: SCD = simple cohort difference; DCT = deviation from cohort trend; DID = difference-in-differences; 2SLS = two-stage least squares; EDR = excess death rate; CSSI = cohort size shrinkage index. All the models control for gender and birth quarters. The SCD, DCT, and DID models additionally control for provincial fixed effects.

^†p < 0.1;

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01;

^***p < 0.001 based on prefecture-level cluster standard errors.