Diastolic BP	Systolic BP	Resting Pulse	Cholesterol
				HDL	LDL	Total	Triglyceride	Glucose	HbA1c
SCD (ref: post-famine)
Pre-famine	−0.004	0.217***	0.038	−0.055	0.261**	0.140*	−0.042	0.132*	0.038
Famine	0.095	0.129†	−0.001	−0.042	0.248**	0.021	0.046	0.158†	0.036
DCT (ref: post-famine)
Pre-famine	−0.195	−0.170	0.577†	−0.087	0.090	0.024	0.047	−0.169	0.272
Famine	−0.171	−0.111	0.323†	−0.119	0.075	−0.118	0.141	0.006	0.238
DID (ref: post-famine)
Provincial EDR
× Pre-famine	−0.024*	−0.009	−0.001	−0.012†	−0.015	−0.018†	−0.015	0.002	0.011
× Famine	−0.006	−0.017†	−0.018†	−0.004	−0.019	−0.022†	−0.005	−0.012	0.005
Provincial CSSI
× Pre-famine	−0.008	−0.002	−0.003	0.000	−0.009	−0.011†	0.000	0.008	0.011
× Famine	−0.003	−0.005	−0.007	0.004	−0.023**	−0.018*	0.001	−0.003	−0.001
Prefecture CSSI
× Pre-famine	−0.003	−0.001	−0.006	−0.003	−0.007	−0.010*	−0.001	0.006	0.007
× Famine	−0.002	−0.002	−0.001	0.001	−0.021***	−0.019**	0.000	0.001	0.001
Famine cohort probit
Provincial EDR	−0.013	−0.018*	−0.027*	−0.016*	−0.007	−0.012	−0.006	−0.004	−0.002
Provincial CSSI	−0.011*	−0.009†	−0.015*	−0.007	−0.010	−0.010	−0.005	−0.003	−0.004
Prefecture CSSI	−0.010*	−0.006	−0.008	−0.006	−0.009†	−0.010†	−0.004	−0.001	−0.001
Famine cohort 2SLS
Prefecture CSSI	0.003	−0.001	0.003	0.007	−0.005	−0.004	0.001	0.001	0.000
Diagnostic statistics
First-stage F	14.26	14.26	16.65	13.07	12.6	13.07	13.07	13.00	10.63
Stock-Yogo’s test	Passed	Passed	Passed	Passed	Passed	Passed	Passed	Passed	Passed

Note: SCD = simple cohort difference; DCT = deviation from cohort trend; DID = difference-in-differences; 2SLS = two-stage least squares; EDR = excess death rate; CSSI = cohort size shrinkage index. All the models control for gender and birth quarters. The SCD, DCT, and DID models additionally control for provincial fixed effects.

^†p < 0.1;

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01;

^***p < 0.001 based on prefecture-level cluster standard errors.