Table 1.
Population characteristics of the Binational Arsenic Exposure Survey (BAsES): Arizona subjects with complete 24-h dietary recall data and serum MMP-9 data.
| Total Population | Hispanic | Non-Hispanic | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants, n (%) | 214 | 50 (23.4) | 164 (76.6) | |
| Male | 91 (42.5) | 23 (46.0) | 68 (41.5) | |
| Female | 123 (57.5) | 27 (54.0) | 96 (58.5) | |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 31 (14.5) | 3 (6.0) | 28 (17.1) | |
| Age in years, mean ±SD | 55.3 ±15.1 | 48.9 ±15.5 | 57.3 ±14.4 | |
| Diabetic, n (%) | 30 (14.1) | 11 (22.0) | 19 (11.7) | |
| BMI, mean ±SD | ||||
| Male | 29.6 ±6.0 | 32.4 ±6.4 | 28.6 ±5.5 | |
| Female | 28.4 ±6.4 | 30.9 ±6.6 | 27.7 ±6.2 | |
| Serum MMP-9, ng/ml, gmean (min-max) | 324 (41.1–1503) | 250 (41.1–923) | 351 (47.9–1503) | 0.004 |
| Drinking water As, μg/day, gmean (min-max) | 5.1 (0.03–2230) | 3.4 (0.11–44.2) | 5.8 (0.03–2230) | 0.025 |
| Cooking water As, μg/day, gmean (min-max) | 2.5 (0.01–1181) | 2.1 (0.04–42.5) | 2.6 (0.01–1181) | 0.387 |
| Dietary total As, μg/day, gmean (min-max) | 33.1 (4.8–495) | 33.5 (4.8–456) | 32.9 (6.3–495) | 0.899 |
| Non-seafood eaters | 26.2 (4.8–279) | 27.0 (4.8–279) | 26.0 (6.2–228) | |
| Dietary iAs, μg/day, gmean (min-max) | 6.0 (0.83–62.8) | 6.0 (0.83–62.8) | 5.9 (1.78–48.3) | 0.903 |
| Aggregate total As intake, μg/day, gmean (min-max) | 53.6 (9.6–2459) | 43.9 (9.7–468) | 57.0 (9.6–2459) | 0.076 |
| Aggregate iAs intake, μg/day, gmean (min-max) | 19.8 (2.5–2429) | 14.5 (4.0–92.3) | 21.8 (2.5–2429) | 0.005 |
| Household tap water As, μg/l, gmean (min-max) | 7.5 (0.45–1004) | 4.6 (0.54–43.4) | 8.7 (0.45–1004) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: As, arsenic; gmean, geometric mean; iAs, inorganic arsenic; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; min-max, minimum-maximum; SD, standard deviation.
a
Two-sample t-tests of log-transformed values were used to compare means by ethnicity.