Table 1. Biomarkers for the detection of hepatocellular differentiation.

	Target	Sensitivity	Other tumors commonly positive	Poorly differentiated HCCs
AFP2,10	Oncofetal protein	30-50%	Germ cell tumors	Typically negative
Hep Par 15,6	Carbamoyl phosphatase synthetase (urea cycle)	>90%, staining may be patchy	Lung, colon, esophageal, and gastric carcinoma	<50%
CD10 and polyclonal CEA2,8	Canalicular staining –cross reactivity to biliary glycoprotein	60-90%	Diffuse cytoplasmic staining often seen in adenocarcinomas	25%
Glypican 38	Oncofetal antigen	63-80%	Non seminomatous germ cells tumors, squamous cell carcinoma lung, liposarcoma, Melanoma	57-83%
Arginase-115,23	Enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea	96%	Rare	86
ISH Albumin12,13,14	Major protein in serum	>95%	None	>95%