Norepinephrine (NE) is present in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) adipocytes, and PVAT can take up extracellular NE. A: mesenteric PVAT adipocytes were isolated, and NE content was measured by HPLC. Measures were normalized to tissue weight. Bottom left, representative image of the mesenteric PVAT used. The white box highlights the portion of PVAT used in the experiments in this study. Bottom right, representative image of adipocytes isolated from mesenteric PVAT. B: addition of NE (10 μM) to PVAT in physiological saline solution (PSS) for 30 min increased NE accumulation, as measured by HPLC and normalized to protein content (*P < 0.05). Values are means ± SE for the number of animals (N) shown.