Table 1.

Anthropometrics and resting echocardiographic parameters of participants

N = 23	Mean ± SD
Anthropometrics
Age, yr	13.2 ± 2.7
Standing stature, cm	159.1 ± 16.4
Sitting stature, cm	82.2 ± 8.9
Body mass, kg	49.5 ± 16.6
Body mass index, kg/m2	19.0 ± 3.3
Body surface area, m2	1.47 ± 0.33
Lean body mass, kg	40.0 ± 11.5
Gas exchange threshold, % V̇o2peak	52.2 ± 5.1
2-D echocardiogram and systolic parameters
IVSd, mm	7.5 ± 1.3
LVIDd, mm	44.1 ± 3.8
LVPWd, mm	7.3 ± 1.0
IVSs, mm	9.5 ± 4.1
LVIDs, mm	28.7 ± 5.8
LVPWs, mm	9.5 ± 1.4
FS, %	32.4 ± 3.6
MAPSE, mm	14.1 ± 2.5
TAPSE, mm	20.8 ± 2.5
Spectral and tissue Doppler parameters
MV E, cm/s	99.5 ± 16.0
MV A, cm/s	52.4 ± 13.7
E/A ratio	1.9 ± 0.3
LV lat S′, cm/s	10.2 ± 2.1
LV lat E′, cm/s	17.2 ± 3.1
LV lat A′, cm/s	5.3 ± 1.4
RV S′, cm/s	13.1 ± 2.4
RV E′, cm/s	16.4 ± 3.7
RV A′, cm/s	9.2 ± 3.1

IVSd, interventricular septum in systole; LVIDd, left ventricle internal dimension in diastole; LVPWd, left ventricular posterior wall in diastole; IVSs, interventricular septum in systole; LVIDs, left ventricle internal dimension in systole; FS, fractional shortening; MAPSE, mitral annular plane systolic excursion; TAPSE, tricuspid annular systolic excursion; MV E, transmitral inflow in early diastole; MV A, transmitral inflow with atrial contraction; LV lat S′, left ventricular lateral wall systolic velocity; LV lat E′, left ventricular early diastolic velocity; LV lat A′, left ventricular late diastolic velocity; RV S′, right ventricular free wall systolic velocity; RV E′, right ventricular early diastolic velocity; RV A′, right ventricular late diastolic velocity.