Table 1.
Means, standard deviations, and p values of main effects for ordinal data (swallow events 1–8) for Phase 1 (5 neutral swallows), Phase 2 (30 chin-down swallows), and Phase 3 (10 neutral swallows).
| Ordinal data (absolute order of events) | 3 Phases | M | SD | Main effects (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyoid burst | Neutral (Phase 1) | 1.45 | 0.593 | < .001 |
| Chin down (Phase 2) | 1.48 | 0.715 | ||
| Return to neutral (Phase 3) | 1.51 | 0.604 | ||
| Bolus head in pharynx | Neutral (Phase 1) | 1.65 | 0.532 | .038 |
| Chin down (Phase 2) | 1.78 | 0.493 | ||
| Return to neutral (Phase 3) | 1.59 | 0.518 | ||
| UES open | Neutral (Phase 1) | 3.69 | 0.493 | < .303 |
| Chin down (Phase 2) | 3.76 | 0.467 | ||
| Return to neutral (Phase 3) | 3.73 | 0.471 | ||
| Laryngeal vestibule closure | Neutral (Phase 1) | 3.49 | 1.043 | < .001 |
| Chin down (Phase 2) | 3.21 | 1.146 | ||
| Return to neutral (Phase 3) | 3.47 | 0.992 | ||
| Bolus head in UES | Neutral (Phase 1) | 4.73 | 0.477 | < .008 |
| Chin down (Phase 2) | 4.80 | 0.439 | ||
| Return to neutral (Phase 3) | 4.74 | 0.507 | ||
| Bolus tail enter pharynx | Neutral (Phase 1) | 5.95 | 0.352 | < .607 |
| Chin down (Phase 2) | 5.97 | 0.282 | ||
| Return to neutral (Phase 3) | 5.94 | 0.453 | ||
| Laryngeal vestibule open | Neutral (Phase 1) | 6.99 | 0.112 | < .001 |
| Chin down (Phase 2) | 7.13 | 0.367 | ||
| Return to neutral (Phase 3) | 7.03 | 0.260 | ||
| Bolus tail exit pharynx | Neutral (Phase 1) | 7.99 | 0.112 | < .001 |
| Chin down (Phase 2) | 7.86 | 0.358 | ||
| Return to neutral (Phase 3) | 7.94 | 0.261 |
Note. UES = upper esophageal sphincter.