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. 2016 Jan 7;22(1):417–426. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.417

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Typical proton nuclear magnetic resonance (500 MHz) spectra of the region between 0 and 6 ppm from cirrhotic patient. Region between 4.5 and 5.0 ppm corresponding to the water and urea was suppressed. Peak assignment: 1: Fatty acids (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3); 2: Isoleucine; 3: Valine; 4: Fatty acids (-CH2-CH2-CH2-); 5: Lactate; 6: Alanine; 7: Fatty acids (-CH2-CH2-CO-); 8: Fatty acids (-CH2-CH2-CH=); 9: Fatty acids (=CH-CH2-CH2-); 10: Acetyl signals from α1-acid glycoprotein; 11: Fatty acids (-CH2-CO-); 12: Glutamine; 13: Fatty acids (=CH-CH2-CH=); 14: Albumin lysyl; 15: Choline; 16: Glucose; 17: Lactate; 18: Fatty acids (-CH=CH-). Adapted from Nahon et al[29].