Figure 3.

An independently defined value region in the vmPFC represents reward magnitude throughout the task. A, The spatial location of the external ROI. The ROI was reported by a meta-analysis on the valuation system in the human brain (Bartra et al., 2013) and made available through the authors’ website (http://www.psych.upenn.edu/kable_lab/Joes_Homepage/Resources.html). B, Average percentage signal change in the activity of the ROI for $10 reward, $5 reward, and no reward. Activity was significantly modulated by outcome magnitude (p = 0.039). Post hoc Tukey tests revealed significant (or marginally significant) differences between no reward and $5 reward (p = 0.051), between no reward and $10 (p = 0.020), and between $5 and $10 (p = 0.008).