Table 1.
Meta-analyses for the association between red meat, processed meat and colorectal cancer risk.
| Author, year published | Meta-analysis center/country | Number and type of studies for red meat | RR for red meat (95% CI)* | RR for processed meat (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sandhu et al., 2001 | UK | 13 cohort | 1.17 (1.05-1.31) | 1.49 (1.22-1.81) |
| Norat et al., 2002 | IARC, France | 14 case-control and 9 cohort | 1.35 (1.21-1.51) | 1.31 (1.13-1.51) |
| Larsson and Wolk, 2006 | Karolinska Inst., Sweden | 15 (13 cohort and 2 case-control) | 1.28 (1.15-1.42) | 1.20 (1.11-1.31) |
| Huxley et al., 2009 | Australia and Iran | 26 cohort | 1.21 (1.13-1.29) | 1.19 (1.12-1.27) |
| Smolinska and Paluszkiewicz, 2009 | Poland | 22 (12 case-control and 10 cohort) | 1.21 (1.07-1.37)** | NA |
| Bastide et al., 2011 | France | 5 cohort | 1.18 (1.06-1.32)** | NA |
| Alexander et al., 2011 and 2015 | USA, Mexico | 27 cohort | 1.11 (1.03-1.19) | NA |
| Chan et al., 2011 | UK and Netherlands | 24 (2 case-cohort, 3 nested case-control and 19 cohort) | 1.22 (1.11-1.34) | 1.17 (1.09-1.25) |
| Johnson et al., 2013 | USA | 14 (8 case-control and 6 cohort) | 1.13 (1.09-1.16)*** | 1.09 (0.93-1.25)*** |
| Bernstein et al., 2015 | USA, China, Vietnam | 2 cohort | 1.06 (0.97-1.16)**** | 1.15 (1.01-1.32)**** |
RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; NA, not available.
*Highest versus lovest intake
**only for colon cancer, not for rectum
***5 versus 0 servings/week
****multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio.