Table 1.

Potential pathophysiological pathways that correlate ECMO and AKI

Patient-related (ECMO-independent) variables
Pretreatment factors	Hypoperfusion, loss of autoregulation Hypoxia
	Nephrotoxic drugs Systemic inflammation
ECMO-related variables
Hemodynamic factors	Blood flow alterations
Hormonal factors	Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone dysregulation ANP downregulation
ECMO-related	Blood shear stress
systemic inflammation	Exposure to a non-self membrane Blood/air interface
Organ crosstalk	Cardiorenal syndromes Lung/kidney interactions
Circuit-related factors	Hypermyoglobinemia
	Embolism
	Hemolysis