Table 1.
Summary of physiological roles of adipokines, hepatokines and myokines in ruminants
| Physiological roles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Adipokines | Leptin | Correlated with BCS and carcass composition |
| Decreased the GH secretion | ||
| Adiponectin | Increased after parturition | |
| Increased gene expression of adipose tissue in lactating cows | ||
| TNF-α | Increased TG | |
| Increased lipolysis | ||
| Chemerin | Increased insulin secretion | |
| Hepatokines | IGFs | Increased milk production |
| Correlated with growth | ||
| Selenoprotein P | Increased gene expression by insulin | |
| Chemerin | Decreased in the liver of post-weaning calves | |
| Decreased the gene expression by insulin and propionate | ||
| ANGPTL8 | Decreased after parturition | |
| FGF21 | Increased after parturition | |
| Myokines | IL-6 | Adipose tissue oxidation |
| Anti-inflammation | ||
| BDNF | Myogenesis | |
| Irisin | High expression in skeletal muscle | |
| HGF | Muscle regeneration | |
| Sema3A | Muscle hypertrophy |
TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IGFs, insulin like growth factors; ANGPTL8, angiopoietin-like protein 8; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; IL-6, interleukin- 6; BDNF, brain-derived neurotropic factor; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; Sema3A, semaphorin 3A.