. 2015 Dec 20;2016:2391592. doi: 10.1155/2016/2391592

Table 5.

Relative quantification of significant discriminating metabolites based on the concentration of 0.1% of 3-trimethylsilyl propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt (TSP) as internal standard and quantified using Chenomx NMR Suite.

Metabolites	Chemical shifts	VIP value	HFD	ND	HFD + 250	HFD + OR	p value
Lactate	1.34 (d)	2.46	1662.9 ± 51.9^c	493.4 ± 73.1^a	482.1 ± 55.9^a	761.0 ± 33.6^b	0.000
Lactate	4.11 (dd)	2.46	1662.9 ± 51.9^c	493.4 ± 73.1^a	482.1 ± 55.9^a	761.0 ± 33.6^b	0.000

Alanine	3.78 (dd)	1.63	94.0 ± 3.03^b	53.3 ± 13.48^a	55.6 ± 3.52^a	47.0 ± 2.50^a	0.002
Alanine	1.48 (d)	1.63	94.0 ± 3.03^b	53.3 ± 13.48^a	55.6 ± 3.52^a	47.0 ± 2.50^a	0.002

3-Hydroxybutyrate	1.18 (d)	3.48	316.8 ± 23.17^b	513.8 ± 74.20^a	368.7 ± 24.00^ab	396.9 ± 73.54^ab	0.023
	4.23 (m)
	2.31 (d)
	2.38 (dd)

2-Hydroxyisobutyrate	1.34 (s)	5.60	232.5 ± 25.36^b	153.8 ± 15.12^a	143.9 ± 21.54^a	182.1 ± 49.43^ab	0.036

Pyruvate	2.38 (s)	2.19	55.6 ± 3.62^c	18.7 ± 2.16^a	31.1 ± 1.03^b	28.3 ± 7.21^b	0.000

Creatinine/creatine	3.06 (s)	1.28	45.1 ± 2.43^b	25.6 ± 3.64^a	23.3 ± 0.60^a	39.5 ± 0.04^b	0.000
Creatinine/creatine	4.06 (s)	1.28	45.1 ± 2.43^b	25.6 ± 3.64^a	23.3 ± 0.60^a	39.5 ± 0.04^b	0.000

α-Glucose	5.22 (d)	1.09	1116.4 ± 27.4^c	458.1 ± 27.6^b	511.7 ± 20.6^b	206.4 ± 44.3^a	0.000

Acetate	1.93 (s)	1.28	38.9 ± 2.80^b	26.8 ± 4.42^a	35.4 ± 1.50^b	38.9 ± 2.61^b	0.013

Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) between different groups as shown by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Minitab Version 14.