Table 2.
Studies evaluating HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of COPD.
| Authors | Manuscript title | Year | Human | Animals | Tissue | HMGB1 level in COPD patients |
Laboratory tests | Functional or imaging tests |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang et al. [14]. | “Serum High Mobility Group Box Protein 1 as a Clinical Marker for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer” | 2009 | x | — | Serum | > | — | Spirometry |
|
| ||||||||
| Ferhani et al. [15]. | “Expression of High-Mobility Group Box 1 and of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease” | 2010 | x | — | BAL Lung T. |
> > |
TNF-α, TNF-RII, IL1-β, IL1-RA, RAGE | Spirometry |
|
| ||||||||
| Hou et al. [16]. | “High Mobility Group Protein B1 (HMGB1) in Asthma: Comparison of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Healthy Controls” | 2011 | x | — | Sputum Plasma |
> > |
— | Spirometry |
|
| ||||||||
| Bezerra et al. [17] | “Long-Term Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Impairs Lung Function and Increases HMGB-1 Expression in Mice” | 2011 | x | BAL Lung T. |
> > |
SOD, CAT, GPx, MMP-2,9,12 | — | |
|
| ||||||||
| Kanazawa et al. [18] | “Validity of HMGB1 Measurement in Epithelial Lining Fluid in Patients with COPD” | 2012 | x | — | Central BAL Peripheral BAL |
= > |
IL-8, PMN elastase | TC Spirometry |
|
| ||||||||
| Wang et al. [19] | “Effect of NF‐κB Inhibitor on High-Mobility Group Protein B1 Expression in a COPD Rat Model” | 2013 | — | x | Lung T. | > | NF-κB | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Ko et al. [20] | “High Expression of High-Mobility Group Box 1 in the Blood and Lungs Is Associated with the Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Smokers” | 2014 | x | — | Plasma Biopsy |
> > |
— | Spirometry |
|
| ||||||||
| Zhang et al. [21] | “Changes of HMGB1 and sRAGE during the Recovery of COPD Exacerbation” | 2014 | x | — | Plasma | > | Fibrinogen, hsCRP, RAGE | Spirometry |
|
| ||||||||
| Zabini et al. [22] | “High-Mobility Group Box-1 Induces Vascular Remodelling Processes via c-Jun Activation” | 2015 | x | — | Lung T. | > | TLR4, RAGE | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Di Stefano et al. [23] | “Innate Immunity but Not NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Correlates with Severity of Stable COPD” | 2014 | x | — | BAL | = | IL-27, IL-37, NRLP7 | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Iwamoto et al. [24] | “Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products and Progression of Airway Disease” | 2014 | X | — | Plasma | = | sRAGE | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Heijink et al. [25] | “Cigarette Smoke-Induced Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Release from Necrotic Neutrophils Triggers Proinflammatory Mediator Release” | 2015 | x | x | BAL Sputum |
— | — | — |
|
| ||||||||
| Pouwels et al. [8] | “Increased Serum Levels of LL37, HMGB1 and S100A9 during Exacerbation in COPD Patients” | 2015 | x | — | Serum Sputum |
> = |
Galectin-3, S100A9, sRAGE, LL37, dsDNA | — |
Lung T.: bioptic lung tissue.