Table 2.
Odds ratio for depression and self-harm at 18 years for each category of goth identification
| Number of participants (n=5357) | Number of participants with data for goth self-identification at 15 years and outcomes at 18 years (n=3694) |
Depression |
Self-harm |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |||
| Linear effect* | 5357 | 3694 | 1·36 (1·23–1·49) | p<0·001 | 1·52 (1·42–1·63) | p<0·001 |
| Not at all | 2759 | 1841 | Reference | .. | Reference | .. |
| Not very much | 1234 | 884 | 1·16 (0·83–1·62) | .. | 1·52 (1·20–1·93) | .. |
| Somewhat | 716 | 523 | 1·63 (1·14–2·34) | .. | 2·33 (1·80–3·02) | .. |
| More than somewhat | 410 | 292 | 2·33 (1·56–3·47) | .. | 3·65 (2·72–4·89) | .. |
| Very much | 238 | 154 | 3·67 (2·33–4·79) | .. | 5·14 (3·58–7·36) | .. |
| LR test | 5357 | 3694 | χ2 38·99 | p<0·001 | χ2 132·65 | p<0·001 |
OR=odds ratio. LR=likelihood ratio.
*
Goth identification was treated as a continuous variable; therefore, the linear effect refers to OR of depression for a one point increase in goth identification. The LR test provides a test for the dose–response trend.