Definition of Anthropometric Measurements and Shoe Measurements
| Dimension | Posture | Definition | Compatible Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal breadth | Sitting | Maximum distance between the lateral points of the abdomen (abdominal point, lateral, left, right) measured in a seated posture | Defined for this study |
| Abdominal depth | Sitting | Horizontal distance between the most anterior point of the abdomen (abdominal point, anterior, sitting) and the back at the same level measured in a seated posture | ANSUR |
| Acromial height | Standing | Vertical distance between the standing surface and the acromion landmark on the tip of the right shoulder measured in a standing posture | ANSUR |
| Acromial height | Sitting | Vertical distance between the sitting surface and the acromion landmark on the tip of the right shoulder measured in a seated posture | ANSUR |
| Ankle height | Standing | Vertical distance between the standing surface and the lateral malleolus landmark on the outside of the ankle | ANSUR (lateral malleolus height)/RAMSIS (foot height: lateral ankle) |
| Arm length | Standing | Distance between the acromion landmark on the tip of the right shoulder and the dactylion III landmark at the tip of the middle finger measured in a standing posture | Defined in this study |
| Biacromial breadth | Sitting | Distance between the right and left acromion landmarks at the tips of the shoulders measured in seated posture | ANSUR |
| Bideltoid breadth | Sitting | Maximum horizontal distance between the lateral margins of the upper arms on the deltoid muscles measured in a seated posture | ANSUR |
| Buttock-knee length | Sitting | Horizontal distance between the buttock plate and the anterior point of the right knee (knee point, anterior) | ANSUR/RAMSIS |
| Buttock-popliteal length | Sitting | Horizontal distance from the buttock plate to the back of the knee | ANSUR |
| Calf circumference | Standing | Maximum horizontal circumference of the lower leg | ANSUR/RAMSIS |
| Chest depth | Standing | Horizontal distance between the xiphoidale landmark on the lower edge of the body of the sternum and the dorsally most prominent point in the midline of the back at the same level | RAMSIS |
| Chest width | Standing | Maximum horizontal distance between the two laterally most prominent points of the rib cage at the level of the xiphoidale landmark on the lower edge of the bony part of the sternum | RAMSIS |
| Elbow-fingertip length | Standing | Horizontal distance between the back of the tip of the right elbow (olecranon, rear) and the tip of the right middle finger (dactylion III) when the right elbow is flexed 90° | ANSUR |
| Elbow rest height | Sitting | Vertical distance between the sitting surface and the bottom of the right elbow (olecranon, bottom) | ANSUR |
| Eye height | Sitting | Vertical distance between the sitting surface and the outer corner of the right eye (ectocanthus) | ANSUR |
| Forearm circumference | Standing | Horizontal circumference of the right forearm at the point of maximum prominence slightly distal to the elbow joint | RAMSIS |
| Forearm-forearm breadth | Sitting | Maximum horizontal distance across the upper body between the lateral margins of the forearms | ANSUR |
| Hand breadth | Palm on table | Breadth of the hand between the landmarks at metacarpale II and metacarpale V | ANSUR |
| Hand length | Palm on table | Length of the right hand between the stylion landmark on the wrist and the tip of the middle finger (dactylion III) | ANSUR |
| Hip breadth | Sitting | Maximum distance between the lateral points of the hips | ANSUR |
| Knee height | Sitting | Vertical distance between the footrest surface and the top of the right knee at the center of the widest part of the calf | ANSUR/RAMSIS |
| Popliteal height | Sitting | Vertical distance between the footrest surface and the back of the right knee (the popliteal fossa at the dorsal juncture of the right calf and thigh) | ANSUR |
| Shoulder-elbow length | Standing | Distance between the acromion landmark on the tip of the right shoulder and the bottom of the right elbow (olecranon, bottom) with the elbows flexed 90° | ANSUR |
| Sitting height | Sitting | Vertical distance between the sitting surface and the top of the head | ANSUR/RAMSIS |
| Stature with and without shoes | Standing | Vertical distance between the standing surface and the top of the head | ANSUR/RAMSIS |
| Thigh circumference | Standing | Maximum circumference of the thigh with the tape perpendicular to the long axis of the leg | ANSUR/RAMSIS |
| Thigh clearance | Sitting | Vertical distance between the sitting surface and the highest point on the top of the right thigh (thigh point, top) | ANSUR |
| Thumb-tip reach | Sitting | Distance between the surface of the back and the tip of the right thumb when the subject raises both arms horizontally forward with the elbows straight, the thumbs on top, and the fingers curled out of the way. | Defined for this study |
| Upper arm circumference | Standing | Circumference of the right arm at the biceps point, relaxed, located one-half the distance between acromion and the elbow crease | RAMSIS |
| Waist circumference, natural indentation | Standing | Horizontal circumference at the level of greatest indentation of the torso | ANSUR/RAMSIS |
| Shoe width | Standing | Breadth of the right shoe perpendicular to its long axis | Defined for this study |
| Shoe length | Standing | Length of the right shoe parallel to its long axis | Defined for this study |
Note. ANSUR = 1988 Anthropometric Survey of U.S. Army Personnel: Methods and Summary Statistics (Gordon et al., 1989); RAMSIS = RAMSIS Anthropometric Databases (Speyer, 2007).