Table 1.
Mineral contents and pH of TW and BMW used in this study.
| Minerals | Formula | Conc. (mg/kg) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW | BMW | ||
| Bicarbonate ion | HCO3 − | 28 | 2485 |
| Chlorine ion | Cl− | 11 | 182 |
| Sulfate ion | SO4 2− | 6.9 | 355 |
| Carbonate ion | CO3 2− | <0.1 | 1.2 |
| Nitrate ion | NO3 − | 0.7 | 1.2 |
| Fluoride ion | F− | <0.1 | 0.3 |
| Hydrogen sulfide ion | HS− | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Iodide ion | I− | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Bromide ion | Br− | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Sodium ion | Na+ | 10 | 412 |
| Magnesium ion | Mg2+ | 1.9 | 291 |
| Calcium ion | Ca2+ | 6.1 | 177 |
| Potassium ion | K+ | <0.1 | 80 |
| Aluminum ion | Al3+ | 0.2 | 0.6 |
| Manganese ion | Mn2+ | <0.1 | 0.4 |
| Ferrous ion | Fe2+ | <0.1 | 2.3 |
| Ferric ion | Fe3+ | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Metasilicic acid | H2SiO3 | 10 | 207 |
| Metaboric acid | HBO2 | 0.8 | 6.2 |
| Carbon dioxide | CO2 | 0.9 | 161 |
| Hydrogen sulfide | H2S | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Mercury | Hg | <0.0005 | <0.0005 |
| Arsenic | As | <0.005 | 0.005 |
| Copper | Cu | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| Zinc | Zn | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Lead | Pb | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| Cadmium | Cd | <0.01 | <0.01 |
|
| |||
| pH | 7.58 | 7.07 | |