Table 4.

Odds ratios for all risk factors affecting one or more non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes

	Overall NHL	DLBCL	FL	CLL/SLL	MZL	MCL	BL	LPL/WM	PTCL	MF/SS
Exposure category	OR (95%CI)										P-homogeneity <0.05
Family history of hematologic malignancy
None (Reference)
Any	1.72 (1.54–1.93)	1.57 (1.34–1.83)	1.48 (1.25–1.75)	2.17 (1.77–2.65)	1.73 (1.33–2.25)	1.99 (1.39–2.84)		1.65 (1.03–2.65)	1.86 (1.26–2.74)	1.16 (0.68–1.98)	*
HL	1.65 (1.18–2.29)	2.08 (1.38–3.15)			2.74 (1.36–5.51)
NHL	1.79 (1.51–2.13)	1.84 (1.46–2.33)	1.99 (1.55–2.54)	1.92 (1.42–2.61)	1.65 (1.10–2.46)	1.95 (1.14–3.34)
Leukemia	1.51 (1.29–1.77)			2.41 (1.85–3.14)	1.66 (1.15–2.38)	1.98 (1.21–3.24)		2.19 (1.21–3.96)	1.84 (1.09–3.13)		*
Multiple myeloma	1.77 (1.15–2.72)		1.93 (1.06–3.51)			3.10 (1.05–9.10)			2.86 (0.98–8.37)	6.11 (2.36–15.8)	*
Autoimmune disease
None (Reference)
Any B-cell acivating disease	1.96 (1.60–2.40)	2.45 (1.91–3.16)			5.46 (3.81–7.83)			2.61 (1.34–5.08)			*
Sjogren syndrome	7.52 (3.68–15.4)	8.77 (3.94–19.5)	3.32 (1.19–8.80)		38.1 (16.9–85.6)			12.1 (3.16–46.6)			*
Systemic lupus erythematosus	2.83 (1.82–4.41)	2.49 (1.42–4.37)			6.54 (3.10–13.8)			8.41 (2.81–25.2)	3.90 (1.24–12.3)	5.03 (1.17–21.6)
Any T-cell activating disease		1.08 (1.09–1.28)							1.95 (1.37–2.77)	1.66 (1.00–2.75)	*
Celiac disease	1.77 (1.05–2.99)	2.09 (1.04–4.18)							14.8 (7.27–30.2)		*
Systemic sclerosis/scleroderma							20.2 (2.44–166)			8.87 (1.11–71.3)
HCV seropositivity
Negatie (Reference)
Positive	1.81 (1.39–2.37)	2.33 (1.71–3.19)		2.08 (1.23–3.49)	3.04 (1.65–5.60)			2.70 (1.11–6.56)			*
Atopic disease
None (Reference)
Hay fever	0.82 (0.77–0.88)	0.78 (0.70–0.86)	0.82 (0.73–0.91)	0.88 (0.76–1.01)		0.63 (0.48–0.82)	0.64 (0.44–0.95)	0.70 (0.52–0.96)
Eczema										2.31 (1.68–3.17)	*
Allergy	0.86 (0.81–0.92)	0.82 (0.74–0.90)	0.88 (0.79–0.98)	0.87 (0.77–0.98)		0.79 (0.63–0.98)			0.75 (0.60–0.94)
Blood transfusion
None (Reference)
Any	0.83 (0.77–0.91)	0.84 (0.75–0.95)	0.78 (0.68–0.89)	0.79 (0.66–0.94)							*
Anthropometric factors
BMI 18.5 to 22.5 (Reference)
Usual adult BMI ≥ 25		1.32 (1.11–1.57)						0.40 (0.23–0.69)		1.95 (1.10–3.46)	*
Height, first quartile (Reference)
Height, third and fourth quartile	1.20 (1.08–1.32)	1.16 (1.01–1.33)	1.20 (1.02–1.40)	1.29 (1.06–1.57)			2.43 (1.37–4.31)				*
Alcohol consumption (≥ 1 drink per month)
None (Reference)
Any alcohol	0.87 (0.81–0.93)	0.81 (0.73–0.89)	0.86 (0.77–0.96)		0.75 (0.62–0.91)		0.64 (0.48–0.87)		0.68 (0.53–0.87)
Cigarette smoking
None (Reference)
Duration ≥ 20 years			1.19 (1.06–1.33)	0.84 (0.74–0.96)	1.27 (1.03–1.57)	1.24 (0.96–1.61)	0.77 (0.51–1.17)	1.50 (1.10–2.04)	1.75 (1.33–2.30)	1.22 (0.84–1.77)	*
Recreational sun exposure
First quartile (Reference)
Third and fourth quartile	0.74 (0.66–0.83)	0.75 (0.64–0.88)	0.70 (0.58–0.84)	0.79 (0.64–0.96)	0.65 (0.48–0.87)	0.70 (0.48–1.01)			0.67 (0.46–1.00)
Socioieconomic status
High (Reference)
Low	0.88 (0.83–0.93)	0.82 (0.76–0.90)					0.65 (0.48–0.90)
Occupational history
Without the history (Reference)
Teacher	0.86 (0.77–0.95)	0.87 (0.75–1.00)			0.50 (0.35–0.70)		0.27 (0.09–0.87)				*
Painter	1.22 (0.99–1.51)									3.42 (1.81–6.47)
General farm worker	1.28 (1.10–1.50)			1.46 (1.15–1.85)						2.07 (1.06–4.07)

Abbreviations: HL, Hodgkin lymphoma; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; FL, follicular lymphoma; CLL/SLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma; MZBCL, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma; MCL, mantle cell lymphoma; BL, Burkitt lymphoma; LPL/WM, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Wardenstrom macroglobulinemia; PTCL, peripheral T-cell lymphoma; MF/SS, mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome