Table 3.
Pre- and postnasal EPAP means, standard deviations, mean differences, and confidence intervals for polysomnography outcomes.
| Research studies | Study type | Patient characteristics | Apnea-hypopnea index (mean/SD, except∧) | Epworth Sleepiness Score (mean/SD except∧) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author, year | N | Age, years | BMI Kg/m2 | Pre-NEPAP | Post-NEPAP | MD (95% CI) | p value | Pre-NEPAP | Post-NEPAP | MD (95% CI) | p value | |
| Colrain et al., 2008 [12] | Original | 30 | 50.1 ± 9.8 | 28.2 ± 4.0 | 24.8 ± 22.1 | 14.2 ± 21.8 | −10.60 (0.745, −21.945) | 0.0665 | — | — | — | — |
| 49 ± 12.9F | 27 ± 5.34F | |||||||||||
| Rosenthal et al., 2009 [16] | Original | 28 | 49.8 ± 10.2 | 30.1 ± 5.9 | 24.5 ± 23.6 | 15.5 ± 18.9 | −9.00 (2.456, −20.456) | 0.1211 | 8.7 ± 4.0 | 6.9 ± 4.4 | −1.80 (0.453, −4.053) | 0.115 |
| Hwang et al., 2009 [20] | C. abstract | 6 | 26–39 | — | 8 to 97 | <20 in 3 pts | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Westbrook et al., 2009 [21] | C. abstract | 58 | — | — | 26.6 ± 24.8 | 13.7 ± 20.1 | −12.90 (−4.596, −21.204) | 0.0026 | — | — | — | — |
| Berry et al., 2011∧ [18] | Original | 229 | 47.7 ± 13.4 | 32.6 ± 7.0 | 14.4 | 5.6 | — | — | 9.9 ± 4.7 | 7.2 ± 4.2 | −2.70 (−1.881, −3.519) | 0.0001 |
| Kryger et al., 2011∧ [19] | Original | 34 | 50.1 ± 13.6 | 32.5 ± 7.5 | 15.7 | 4.7 | — | — | 14 | 7 | — | — |
| Patel et al., 2011 [13] | Original | 19 | 54.3 ± 12.0 | 33.5 ± 5.6 | 34 ± 30.0 | 19.9 ± 26.0 | −14.10 (4.371, −32.571) | 0.1303 | — | — | — | — |
| Walsh et al., 2011 [17] | Original | 43 | 53.7 ± 10.9 | 34.9 ± 6.7 | 43.3 ± 29.0 | 16.4 ± 12.2 | −26.90 (−17.359, −36.441) | 0.0001 | 12.3 ± 4.8 | 8.7 ± 4.4 | −3.60 (−1.625, −5.575) | 0.0005 |
| Adams 2011∧ [22] | C. abstract | 131 | — | — | 25.8 | 4.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hwang et al., 2011 [23] | C. abstract | 36 | 56.3 ± 12.6 | 34.1 ± 9.5 | 22.7 ± 19.4 | 8.9 ± 9.9 | −13.80 (−6.560, −21.040) | 0.0003 | — | — | — | — |
| Massie and Hart 2011∧ [24] | C. abstract | 30 | 51 ± 10 | 32 ± 6 | 17.1 | 4.9 | — | — | 7.2∗∗ | 5.5∗∗ | — | — |
| Adams 2012∧ [25] | C. abstract | 72 | ≥65 | — | 26.3 | 4.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Massie 2012∧ [26] | C. abstract | 31 | — | — | 17.5 | 5 | — | — | 10.6 | 5.9 | — | — |
| Rossi et al., 2013 [14] | Original | 22 | 63.2 ± 8.7 | 33.4 ± 6.6 | 36.5 ± 15.1 | 27.6 ± 16.4 | −8.90 (0.692, −18.492) | 0.0681 | 7 ± 5.8–9.0 | 9.3 ± 4.8 | 2.30 (5.620, −1.020) | 0.1692 |
| Deoras et al., 2013∗∗∗ [27] | C. abstract | 42 | ≥18 | — | — | −22.4 ± 21 | — | — | 9.8 | 7.6 | — | — |
| Mansfield et al., 2013 [28] | C. abstract | 21 | — | — | 32 ± 5.0 | 9.0 ± 6.0 | −23.00 (−19.56, −26.44) | 0.0001 | 7 ± 10 | 6 ± 11 | −1.00 (5.56, −7.56) | 0.7595 |
| Martin et al., 2014 [29] | C. abstract | 50 | — | — | 19.3 ± 12.6 | 5.5 ± 13.1 | −13.80 (−8.699, −18.901) | 0.0001 | — | — | — | — |
| Friedman et al., 2015 [15] | Original | 38 | 51.5 ± 11.6 | 29.4 ± 5.0 | 18.1 ± 13.0 | 7.4 ± 10.1 | −10.70 (−5.379, −16.021) | 0.0001 | 10.1 ± 5.5 | 8.5 ± 5.0 | −1.60 (0.803, −4.003) | 0.1886 |
| Total patients | 920 | |||||||||||
| Combined means# | 50.2 ± 12.7 | 32.2 ± 6.7 | 27.32 ± 22.24 | 12.78 ± 16.89 | −14.54 (−17.59, −11.49) | <0.0001 | 9.94 ± 5.29 | 7.42 ± 4.98 | −2.52 (−1.766, −3.273) | <0.0001 | ||
∗∗21 patients.
∗∗∗Mean change in AHI.
#Combined means of studies included in meta-analysis.
∧Median (25–75).
NEPAP: nasal EPAP (Provent); SD: standard deviation; C. abstract: conference abstract; F: female; Kg/m2: kilogram per square meter.