Table 3.

Effects of covariates on growth factors for alcohol use quantity.

	Male			Female			Equality tests^a
	Male			Female			χ²	p
Growth factors	Mean^c	[95% CI]	p	Mean	[95% CI]	p
I	0.00	.	.	−0.15	[−0.52, 0.22]	.432
S	0.08	[−0.12, 0.28]	.430	0.04	[−0.08, 0.16]	.483
Race	Beta	[95% CI]	p	Beta	[95% CI]	p
On I (G_R.I)^b
Asian	−0.74	[−1.06, −0.42]	<.001	−0.31	[−0.52, −0.10]	.003	4.78	.029
Black	−0.65	[−1.06, −0.24]	.002	−0.32	[−0.51, −0.13]	.001	2.04	.154
Latino	0.60	[−0.07, 1.27]	.081	−0.22	[−0.56, 0.12]	.219	4.42	.036
Other	−0.10	[−0.79, 0.59]	.769	−0.21	[−0.48, 0.06]	.125
On S (G_R.S)
Asian	0.24	[0.07, 0.41]	.004	0.04	[−0.06, 0.14]	.481	4.40	.036
Black	0.37	[0.15, 0.59]	.001	0.12	[0.02, 0.22]	.014	4.06	.044
Latino	−0.19	[−0.45, 0.07]	.155	0.13	[−0.06, 0.32]	.202
Other	0.09	[−0.32, 0.50]	.660	0.08	[−0.08, 0.24]	.324
PTE/PTSD	Beta	[95% CI]	p	Beta	[95% CI]	p
I on pre-college (G_PP.I)
PTE vs. none	0.07	[−0.37, 0.23]	.669	0.27	[0.06, 0.48]	.011	3.18	.075
PTE vs. PTSD	0.13	[−0.27, 0.53]	.516	0.12	[−0.10, 0.34]	.299
S on pre-college (G_PP.S)
PTE vs. none	0.00	[−0.17, 0.17]	.977	−0.14	[−0.24, −0.04]	.010	1.88	.171
PTE vs. PTSD	0.01	[−0.22, 0.24]	.908	−0.03	[−0.14, 0.08]	.549
S on new (G_PN.S)
PTE vs. none	0.20	[0.06, 0.34]	.003	0.12	[0.05, 0.19]	.002	1.16	.282
PTE vs. PTSD	−0.07	[−0.24, 0.10]	.390	−0.05	[−0.13,0.03]	.276

Null hypothesis of each test was H₀: β_male = β_female, and the degree of freedom was 1.

Parameter names in the parentheses (G_R.I, G_R.S, G_PP.I, G_PP.S, G_PN.S) correspond to the parameter labels in Fig. 1.

Because I and S factors were regressed on covariates, they estimate the mean of I and S factors when all covariates are equal to zero, i.e. in White participants without PTE.