Figure 1.
Two views of Las Ramblas walkway in Barcelona, Spain. The gray and white tiles define sinusoidal stripes extending from one edge of the walkway to the other, stripes that are uniform in modulation depth along the length of the walkway. Contrasting with the uniform stimulus, visual perception exhibits a dramatic failure of shape constancy, even when one views the walkway binocularly under good lighting conditions. Specifically, when one looks down the length of the walkway, the depth modulation appears to decrease with distance, as is apparent in the top panel of the figure. Conversely, when one looks to the side, the curvature of the sinusoidal modulation appears to increases with distance, as is apparent in the bottom panel of the figure.