Table 2.
Associations between lifetime trauma and cannabis phenotypes
| Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: Association between lifetime trauma exposure and cannabis use (n=34,396) | |||
| Level One | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p |
| Sex (1=male, 2=female) | 0.653 | 0.653–0.654 | < .001 |
| Age | 0.965 | 0.965–0.965 | < .001 |
| Race/Ethnicity (0: white, 1: non-white) | 0.582 | 0.582–0.583 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Major Depression | 1.381 | 1.380–1.383 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 1.080 | 1.079–1.082 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Social Anxiety Disorder | 1.155 | 1.153–1.157 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Panic Disorder | 1.192 | 1.190–1.193 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Alcohol Dependence | 4.386 | 4.382–4.390 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Personality Disorder | 1.624 | 1.622–1.625 | < .001 |
| Level Two | |||
| Lifetime trauma (0=no trauma, 1=trauma) | 1.215 | 1.214–1.216 | < .001 |
| Model 2: Association between lifetime trauma exposure and CUD among lifetime cannabis users (n=7,438) | |||
| Level One | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p |
| Sex (1=male, 2=female) | 0.513 | 0.512–0.514 | < .001 |
| Age | 0.983 | 0.983–0.984 | < .001 |
| Race/Ethnicity (0: white, 1: non-white) | 0.959 | 0.957–0.960 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Major Depression | 1.235 | 1.233–1.237 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 1.154 | 1.151–1.157 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Social Anxiety Disorder | 1.031 | 1.029–1.033 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Panic Disorder | 1.285 | 1.282–1.288 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Alcohol Dependence | 2.152 | 2.149–2.155 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Personality Disorder | 1.547 | 1.545–1.550 | < .001 |
| Level Two | |||
| Lifetime trauma (0=no trauma, 1=trauma) | 0.997 | 0.996–0.999 | < .001 |
| Model 3: Association between lifetime PTSD and cannabis use among trauma-exposed individuals (n=12,305) | |||
| Level One | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p |
| Sex (1=male, 2=female) | 0.666 | 0.665–0.667 | < .001 |
| Age | 0.961 | 0.961–0.961 | < .001 |
| Race/Ethnicity (0: white, 1: non-white) | 0.670 | 0.669–0.671 | < .001 |
| Trauma Load | 1.130 | 1.130–1.131 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Major Depression | 1.236 | 1.234–1.238 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 0.959 | 0.957–0.961 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Social Anxiety Disorder | 1.173 | 1.170–1.175 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Panic Disorder | 1.092 | 1.090–1.095 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Alcohol Dependence | 4.056 | 4.050–4.063 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Personality Disorder | 1.328 | 1.326–1.330 | < .001 |
| Level Two | |||
| Lifetime PTSD (0=no PTSD, 1=PTSD) | 0.992 | 0.990–0.994 | < .001 |
| Model 4: Association between lifetime PTSD and CUD among trauma-exposed cannabis users (n=2,990) | |||
| Level One | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p |
| Sex (1=male, 2=female) | 0.467 | 0.466–0.468 | < .001 |
| Age | 0.982 | 0.982–0.982 | < .001 |
| Race/Ethnicity (0: white, 1: non-white) | 1.065 | 1.062–1.068 | < .001 |
| Trauma Load | 1.058 | 1.057–1.058 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Major Depression | 1.142 | 1.139–1.144 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 1.303 | 1.298–1.307 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Social Anxiety Disorder | 0.952 | 0.949–0.955 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Panic Disorder | 1.245 | 1.241–1.249 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Alcohol Dependence | 2.167 | 2.162–2.172 | < .001 |
| Lifetime Personality Disorder | 1.333 | 1.330–1.337 | < .001 |
| Level Two | |||
| Lifetime PTSD (0=no PTSD, 1=PTSD) | 1.217 | 1.214–1.220 | < .001 |
Note: CUD=cannabis use disorder; PTSD=posttraumatic stress disorder; “Trauma Load”=total number of potentially traumatic event categories endorsed