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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 4.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 2014 Nov 1;45:179–201. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091846

Table 1.

Parameters Meaning
n Phenotypic complexity, dimensionality of the phenotypic space
d Phenotypic distance to the optimum of the reference genotype
α, Q robustness and epistasis parameter influencing the decay rate and the curvature of the fitness function W(d) = eαdQ
s0 Mal-adaptation of the reference genotype: s0 = −log(W(d)) = αdQ
r Length of the mutational vector
σ Standard deviation of normal deviates of the mutational vector on each axis : Δzi = N(0, σ)
x Scaled distance to the optimum x=r2dn
e Epistasis defined as e=log(w12w0)log(w1w0)log(w2w0)
m Pleiotropy of mutations: number of phenotypes affected by mutations
N Effective population size
μ Mutation rate