TABLE 2.

Sites of Infection Stratified by Appropriateness in Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy and Unadjusted Log-Binomial Regression Analysis of Inappropriateness^*

Sites	Inappropriate, n (%)	Appropriate, n (%)	p **	RR (95%CI)**
No. patients	597 (21)	2,258 (79)	—	—
No. infectious  episodes	2,085 (29)	5,073 (71)	—	—
CNS
No	2,080 (100)	5,069 (100)	0.051	1.0 Referent
Yes	5 (0)	4 (0)		1.9 (0.996–3.5)
Peritoneum
No	1,690 (81)	4,326 (85)	<0.0001	1.0 Referent
Yes	395 (19)	747 (15)		1.3 (1.1–1.4)
Upper GI
No	2,064 (99)	4,958 (98)	0.0022	1.0 Referent
Yes	21 (1)	115 (2)		0.52 (0.34–0.79)
Colon
No	2067 (99)	4,808 (95)	<0.0001	1.0 Referent
Yes	18 (1)	265 (5)		0.18 (0.11–0.30)
Lung
No	1,766 (85)	4,059 (80)	<0.0001	1.0 Referent
Yes	319 (15)	1,014 (20)		0.79 (0.71–0.87)
Pleura
No	2,056 (99)	5,035 (99)	0.017	1.0 Referent
Yes	29 (1)	38 (1)		1.5 (1.1–2.0)
Skin/soft  tissue
No	2,016 (97)	4,788 (94)	0.0004	1.0 Referent
Yes	69 (3)	285 (6)		0.66 (0.52–0.83)
Wound
No	1,859 (89)	4,692 (92)	<0.0001	1.0 Referent
Yes	226 (11)	381 (8)		1.3 (1.2–1.5)
Line
No	1,923 (92)	4,781 (94)	0.0010	1.0 Referent
Yes	162 (8)	292 (6)		1.2 (1.1–1.4)
Blood
No	1,695 (81)	4,211 (83)	0.099	1.0 Referent
Yes	390 (19)	862 (17)		1.1 (0.99–1.2)
Urine
No	1,652 (79)	4,104 (81)	0.068	1.0 Referent
Yes	433 (21)	969 (19)		1.1 (0.99–1.2)
Other
No	2,075 (100)	5,056 (100)	0.75	1.0 Referent
Yes	10 (0)	17 (0)		1.2 (0.71–2.2)

^*Characteristics analyzed per infectious episode.

^**To accommodate for a correlated data structure corresponding to multiple episodes of infection per individual, the analysis of inappropriateness among infectious episodes was computed using a GEE approach with robust SEs (i.e., Huber-White sandwich variance estimates).

CI, confidence interval; CNS, central nervous system; GI, gastrointestinal; RR, relative risk.